Longitudinal assessment of the components of energy balance in well-nourished lactating women

Goldberg, Gail; Prentice, Andrew M.; Coward, W. A.; Davies, H. L.; Murgatroyd, Peter R.; Sawyer, M. B.; Ashford, J; Black, A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/54.5.788

Cited by 126 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Alternatively, the differences observed were small enough that sample sizes of n ¼ 229 for both LACT and NPNL women would be required to show a significance at 80% power. This finding of a non-significant tendency for BMR to be higher in lactating women is in agreement with the majority of studies in both developing (Schutz et al, 1980;Singh et al, 1989;Guillermo-Tuazon et al, 1992;Madhavapeddi & Rao, 1992), and developed countries (Goldberg et al, 1991;Illingworth et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Energy intake and expenditure of free-living, lactating Colombian women in an urban setting

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives:To examine the components of energy balance during lactation in a population of economically disadvantaged women in an urban developing country setting in order to better understand the metabolic response to lactation. Design. Cross-sectional comparison of lactating (LACT) and non-pregnant non-lactating (NPNL) women. Body size and composition were assessed via anthropometry, energy intake was measured using estimated diet records and energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry and the Flex-Heart Rate method. Setting: Low-income neighborhoods of Cali, Colombia. Subjects: Lactating women (n ¼ 15) studied at 2.4 AE 0.8, 5.5 AE 0.8 and 8.9 AE 1.2 months postpartum, and NPNL women (n ¼ 48) studied in three measurement rounds at 0, 3.5 AE 0.6 and 7.1 AE 1.0 months. Results: There were no significant differences between LACT and NPNL women in anthropometric dimensions, but LACT women showed decreases in waist -hip ratio, lean body mass and increases in mid-arm circumference and percentage body fat with time. Energy intake was higher in LACT women (P ¼ 0.04), but there were no significant between-group differences in energy expenditure variables. Conclusion: This group of women met the cost of lactation principally via increased energy intake.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Energy intake and expenditure of free-living, lactating Colombian women in an urban setting

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies have found a weight loss, corresponding to a fat mass reduction (Forsum et al, 1992;Motil et al, 1998;Butte et al, 1999), and others no change (van Raaij et al, 1990;Goldberg et al, 1991;Lovelady et al, 1995), because of increased energy intake to compensate for lactation. In the present study the women lost weight between 3.5 and 5.5 months postpartum, most of which was fat-free mass, but there was also a reduction in suprailiac skinfold thicknesses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, attention has focussed on lactating women and a number of studies have investigated their energy expenditure and body composition (Goldberg et al, 1991;Adair & Popkin, 1992;Forsum et al, 1992;Guillermo-Tuazon et al, 1992;Piers et al, 1995;Dewey, 1998;Butte et al, 1997Butte et al, ,1999Krebs et al, 1997;Motil et al, 1998;Spurr et al, 1998). However there have been few longitudinal studies beyond 6 months post-partum (cf Lawrence et al, 1986) and most of the subjects were well-nourished mothers (van Raaij et al, 1990;Adair & Popkin, 1992;Motil et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated measurements of energy intake, energy expenditure and energy balance in lactating Bangladeshi mothers

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To examine changes in energetic parameters and nutritional status of chronically malnourished lactating women over a period of 13 months postpartum. Design: A study of 15 lactating Bangladeshi mothers, of whom eight were tea pluckers and seven housewives, was conducted over a 13 months period from the birth of the child. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were determined on ®ve occasions (at 3.5, 5.5, 7.5, 10 and 13 months) and energy expenditure (heart rate monitoring method), and energy intake (3-day weighing) on three occasions at 3.5, 10 and 13 months. Results: The mothers, all of whom were of low BMI (range 14.9 ± 18.1 kgam 2 at the end of the study) undertook high levels of physical activity (pluckers more so than housewives). There was evidence of weight loss over the 13 months, particularly between the fourth and sixth months postpartum, mainly due to a signi®cant decrease in fat-free mass. Food intake and expenditure were higher in pluckers than housewives but energy balance was not signi®cantly different, although workers were, on average, in negative balance on all three occasions. Food intake was based on cereals and fat de®cient. Conclusions: A Bangladeshi sample of breast-feeding mothers studied over 13 months postpartum showed evidence of chronic malnutrition with women living on very low fat diets. All mothers, either housewives or tea pluckers were involved in energy demanding activities. There was a general tendency towards negative energy balance. Mothers lost weight, mainly fat-free mass over the study period. Descriptors: energy balance; lactation; chronically malnourished women; repeated measurements of energy expenditure; energy intake; body composition

show abstract

“…DH (Goldberg et al, 1991b) 10 mothers 26 ± 40 Volunteers in response to advertisements. Measured post-lactation.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensitivity and specificity of the Goldberg cut-off for EI:BMR for identifying diet reports of poor validity

2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To explore the speci®city and sensitivity of the Goldberg cut-off for EI : BMR for identifying diet reports of poor validity as compared with the direct comparison of energy intake with energy expenditure measured by doubly-labelled water. Design: Twenty-two studies with measurements of total energy expenditure by doubly-labelled water (EE), basal metabolic rate (BMR) and energy intake (EI) provided the database (n 429). The ratio EI : EE provided the baseline de®nition of under-(UR), acceptable-(AR) and over-reporters (OR), respectively EI : EE`0.76, 0.76 ± 1.24 and b 1.24. Four strategies for identifying under-and over-reporters using the Goldberg cut-off were explored. Sensitivity of the cut-off was calculated as the proportion of UR correctly identi®ed and speci®city as the proportion of non-UR correctly identi®ed. Results: UR, AR and OR (by EI : EE) were 34, 62 and 4% respectively of all subjects. When a single Goldberg cut-off for the physical activity level (PAL) of 1.55 was used, for men and women respectively the sensitivity was 0.50 and 0.52 and the speci®city 1.00 and 0.99. Using a cut-off for higher PAL traded speci®city for sensitivity. Using the cut-off for a PAL of 1.95, sensitivity was 0.76 and 0.85 and the speci®city 0.87 and 0.78 for men and women respectively. Using cut-offs for mean age ± sex speci®c PAL did not improve sensitivity. When subjects were assigned to low, medium and high activity levels and cut-offs for three different PALs used, sensitivity improved to 0.74 and 0.67 without loss of speci®city (0.97 and 0.98), for men and women respectively. If activity levels for men were applied to the womens' data, sensitivity improved to 0.72. Conclusion: To identify diet reports of poor validity using the Goldberg cut-off for EI : BMR, information is needed on each subject's activity level.

show abstract

Longitudinal assessment of the components of energy balance in well-nourished lactating women

Cited by 126 publications

References 17 publications

Energy intake and expenditure of free-living, lactating Colombian women in an urban setting

Energy intake and expenditure of free-living, lactating Colombian women in an urban setting

Repeated measurements of energy intake, energy expenditure and energy balance in lactating Bangladeshi mothers

The sensitivity and specificity of the Goldberg cut-off for EI:BMR for identifying diet reports of poor validity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About