Longitudinal and geographic variations in the green moisture content and basic density of bamboo culm in three species naturally grown in Lombok Island, Indonesia

Abstract

Longitudinal and geographic variations in the green moisture content and basic density of bamboo culm were evaluated by using linear mixed-effect models for three bamboo species (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C., Bambusa maculata Widjaja, and Gigantochloa atter (Hassk) Kurz ex Munro) naturally grown in four locations in Lombok Island, Indonesia. The mean green moisture contents and basic densities were 74.2 % and 0.69 g cm −3 for B. vulgaris, 78.5 % and 0.65 g cm −3 for B. maculata, and 80.3 % and 0.65 g cm −3 for G. atter, respectively. No significant differences in green moisture content and basic density were found among the species. A significant negative correlation between basic density and green moisture content was found in all three species. Based on the results of model selections for longitudinal variations, the green moisture content decreased with an increase in the culm height in all three species, and basic density tended to increase from the base to the top of the culm. Relatively large geographical variation was found in the green moisture content and basic density of G. atter, although the main reasons for variation of these properties were individual culm in three species.

Geographic and longitudinal variations of anatomical characteristics and mechanical properties in three bamboo species naturally grown in Lombok Island, Indonesia

“…Culms of three- to four-year-old of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C., B. maculata Widjaja, and Gigantochloa atter (Hassk) Kurz ex Munro were collected from naturally bamboo forests at four sites in Lombok Island, Indonesia 23 . The culm age was estimated based on some morphological features (the presence of culm sheath, color, and sound created by tapping with fingers) checked by an experienced bamboo farmer.…”

“…In addition, the voucher specimen was deposited at the Herbarium Lesser Sunda, University of Mataram, Indonesia under the voucher number of DSR01, 02, and 03 (specimens were identified by Mr. Niechi Valentino). Table 1 shows the culm diameter at 1.3 m above the ground, total culm height, and mean value of culm thickness at four positions 23 .

Figure 1 Locations and climate conditions of sampling sites in the present study 23 .

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“…Table 1 shows the culm diameter at 1.3 m above the ground, total culm height, and mean value of culm thickness at four positions 23 .

Figure 1 Locations and climate conditions of sampling sites in the present study 23 . Note: Site I, Tempos (8°41′59" S, 116°8′40" E); Site II, Kabul (8°47′21" S, 116°10′21" E); Site III, Keruak (8°45′45" S, 116°28′54" E); Site IV, Genggelang (8°23′16" S, 116°15′35" E).

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“… Locations and climate conditions of sampling sites in the present study 23 . Note: Site I, Tempos (8°41′59" S, 116°8′40" E); Site II, Kabul (8°47′21" S, 116°10′21" E); Site III, Keruak (8°45′45" S, 116°28′54" E); Site IV, Genggelang (8°23′16" S, 116°15′35" E).…”

“…Unfortunately, detailed scientific information is still limited on the culm properties of these three bamboo species for utilizing their culms as modern construction materials. Previously, we examined the longitudinal and geographic variation of the green moisture content and basic density of the three bamboo species by application of mixed-effects modeling 23 . From the bottom to the top of the culm, the green moisture content decreased, and the basic density increased in all species.…”