Longitudinal Analysis of Plantar Pressures with Wear of a Running Shoe

Gómez-Martín, Beatriz; Fernández-Seguín, Lourdes María; Nova, Alfonso Martínez; Pedrera‐Zamorano, Juan D.; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Raquel

doi:10.3390/ijerph17051707

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This type of foot, with a higher arch, presents less plantar load due to having less contact with the ground (Burns et al, 2005;Anbarian and Esmaeili, 2016), as has also been seen in this study. Also, and in line with other running studies (Willems, De Ridder and Roosen, 2012;Anbarian and Esmaeili, 2016;Escamilla-Martínez et al, 2020), the greatest loads were observed in the forefoot and rearfoot regions due to their importance in the initial contact and propulsion phases of running gait (Escamilla-Martínez et al, 2020).…”

Section: 1relationship Between Plantar Pressure and Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…One explanation for this distribution could be provided by the usual distribution of the materials of the running shoes. Cushioning systems usually predominate in midfoot and rearfoot (Escamilla-Martínez et al, 2020), which may create an insulating effect. However, this idea is speculation, as each participant used their own footwear, and no control of the characteristics of the materials was undertaken.…”

Section: 2sole Of the Foot Or Footwear Outsole Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

Jiménez-Pérez¹,

Gil-Calvo²,

Palmer³

et al. 2021

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective: The temperature of the sole of the foot has been suggested as an alternative to the measurement of plantar pressure during running despite the scarce evidence about their relationship. The temperature of the footwear outsole could also be representative of plantar pressure distribution due to its less multifactorial dependence. The aim of the study was to determine if plantar pressure during a prolonged run could be related to plantar temperature, either of the sole of the foot or the footwear outsole. Approach: Thirty recreational runners (15 males and 15 females) performed a 30-minute running test on a treadmill. Thermographic images of the sole of the foot and the footwear outsole were taken before and immediately after the test, and dynamic plantar pressure was measured at the end of the test. Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed. Main results: Plantar pressure percentage was related to a moderate correlation with plantar temperature percentage in forefoot and rearfoot (P<0.05), showing a greater relationship with the footwear outsole than with the sole of the foot (r=0.52-0.73 vs r=0.40-0.61, respectively). Moreover, moderate correlations were also observed between footwear outsole and sole of the foot temperature variables, especially in rearfoot. Significance: Footwear outsole temperature may be better related to plantar pressure distribution than sole of the foot temperature, in the forefoot and rearfoot. The midfoot is the most sensitive and variable region to analyze, as it does not seem to have any relationship with plantar pressure.

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Section: 1relationship Between Plantar Pressure and Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: 2sole Of the Foot Or Footwear Outsole Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

Jiménez-Pérez¹,

Gil-Calvo²,

Palmer³

et al. 2021

Physiol. Meas.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The area where the temperature increased least was the medial midfoot, where there was an increase of around 3°C after the exercise (Tables 2 and 3). This greater increase in temperature in the lesser toe area may be due to the fact that this area starts from a lower initial temperature, due to greater rubbing in the shoes, or because of the biomechanical involvement of this area during the take-off phase in the run [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Response in Two Models of Socks with Different 3-D Weave Separations

Sánchez-Rodríguez¹,

Gómez-Martín²,

Morán-Cortés³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Socks with the same three-dimensional plantar design, but with different compositions in the separation of their weaves could have different thermoregulatory effects. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the temperatures on the sole of the foot after a 10-km run, using two models of socks with different weave separations. In a sample of 20 individuals (14 men and 6 women), plantar temperatures were analysed using a Flir E60bx® (Flir Systems) thermographic camera before and after a run of 10 km wearing two models of socks that had different separations between the fabric weaves (5 mm versus 3 mm). After the post-exercise thermographic analysis, the participants responded to a Likert type survey to evaluate the physiological characteristics of the two models of socks. There was a significant increase in temperature in the areas of interest (p&lt;0.001) after the 10-km run with both models of sock. The temperature under the 1st metatarsal head was higher with the AWC 2.1 model than with the AWC 1 (33.6±2.0°C vs 33.2±2.1°C) (p = 0.014). No significant differences were found in the scores on the physiological characteristics comfort survey (p&gt;0.05 in all cases. The two models presented similar thermoregulatory effects on the soles of the feet, although the model with the narrowest weave separation generated greater temperatures (+0.4°C) under the first metatarsal head.

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“…BioFoot ® is an in-shoe system developed in 2001 by Biomechanics Institute of Valencia, Spain. The system is equipped with 64 piezoelectric sensors and can acquire samples with a sampling rate ranging from 50 Hz to 250 Hz [ 111 ]. It is provided with a wireless connection (11 Mbs), and data can be sent to and logged by a computer [ 112 ].…”

Section: Description Of Proposed Methods Using Other In-shoe Systementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is provided with a wireless connection (11 Mbs), and data can be sent to and logged by a computer [ 112 ]. Recently, it was used in a study to determine the correlation between the plantar pressure variation, the shoe wear, and the comfort of runners with the same type of shoes [ 111 ].…”

Section: Description Of Proposed Methods Using Other In-shoe Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

Drăgulinescu

Zinca

Bucur

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The present paper reviews, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the most recent advances in research concerning two popular devices used for foot motion analysis and health monitoring: smart socks and in-shoe systems. The first one is representative of textile-based systems, whereas the second one is one of the most used pressure sensitive insole (PSI) systems that is used as an alternative to smart socks. The proposed methods are reviewed for smart sock use in special medical applications, for gait and foot pressure analysis. The Pedar system is also shown, together with studies of validation and repeatability for Pedar and other in-shoe systems. Then, the applications of Pedar are presented, mainly in medicine and sports. Our purpose was to offer the researchers in this field a useful means to overview and select relevant information. Moreover, our review can be a starting point for new, relevant research towards improving the design and functionality of the systems, as well as extending the research towards other areas of applications using sensors in smart textiles and in-shoe systems.

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Longitudinal Analysis of Plantar Pressures with Wear of a Running Shoe

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

Thermal Response in Two Models of Socks with Different 3-D Weave Separations

Smart Socks and In-Shoe Systems: State-of-the-Art for Two Popular Technologies for Foot Motion Analysis, Sports, and Medical Applications

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