Longitudinal Ambient PM2.5 Measurement at Fifteen Locations in Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries Using Low-Cost Sensors

Awokola, Babatunde; Okello, Gabriel; Johnson, Olatunji; Dobson, Ruaraidh; Ouédraogo, M.; Dibba, Bakary; Ngahane, BH Mbatchou; Ndukwu, C.I.; Agunwa, Chuka C.; Marangu, Diana; Lawin, Hervé; Ogugua, Ifeoma; Eze, Joy N.; Nwosu, Nneka; Ofiaeli, Ogochukwu; Ubuane, Peter Odion; Osman, Rashid; Awokola, Endurance; Erhart, Annette; Mortimer, Kevin; Jewell, Christopher M.; Semple, Sean

doi:10.3390/atmos13101593

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is similar to ndings from a previous study in Kampala City [31] as well as ndings from a study including 3,110 sites across the world [32] and one across 11 cities in Sub-Saharan Africa [33]. The morning and evening peak PM 2.5 concentrations observed in these studies have been attributed to both normal thermal inversion and automobile tra c pollution; indeed, data show that tra c emissions are among the biggest contributors to air pollution in urban settings [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Spatio–temporal trends of air quality, Kampala City, Uganda, 2020–2022

Ninsiima¹,

Ndyabakira

Zalwango

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is among the health damaging air pollutants; levels >15 µg/m3 are associated with adverse health effects. We assessed spatio–temporal trends of air quality based on PM2.5 concentration in Kampala City during January 2020–June 2022. We abstracted PM2.5 concentrations generated by twenty–four Clarity© Node Solar–Powered monitors from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022, from the Clarity© dashboard. We computed 24–hour average PM2.5 concentrations by combining data from all monitors. Average PM2.5 concentrations per hour were compared by hour of the day. Seasonal Mann–Kendall statistical test was applied to assess significance of observed trends. Overall, the 24–hour average PM2.5 concentration from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022, was 59 µg/m3 (range: 18–182 µg/m3). A statistically significant decline in PM2.5 occurred throughout the assessment period from January 2020 to June 2022 (r = –0.27, p < 0.001). PM2.5 increased from April to June each year [2020 (55 µg/m3, r=0.56, p=0.006), 2021 (45 µg/m3, r=0.26, p=0.030), and 2022 (37 µg/m3, r=0.37, p=0.030)] and declined from July to September in 2021 (57 µg/m3, r=–0.43, p=0.008) and January to March in 2022 (60 µg/m3, r=–0.41, p=0.011). PM2.5 concentration peaked from 10am–midday (74–73 µg/m3) and 8pm–9pm (73–77 µg/m3). PM2.5 concentrations exceeded targeted safe levels on all days in Kampala City during 2020–2022.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Spatio–temporal trends of air quality, Kampala City, Uganda, 2020–2022

Ninsiima¹,

Ndyabakira

Zalwango

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This tendency is also evident in the East African region. The study conducted byAwokola et al (2022) in eight Sub-Saharan African countries found that countries in the East African region are facing urban ambient air pollution annual average above the WHO guidelines(Awokola et al 2022). Our analysis showed that ambient Particulate matter and ground-level ozone are strongly linked with the health burden in East African countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of the health impacts of air pollution exposure in East African countries

Baharane,

Shatalov

2024

Environ Monit Assess

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The health effects of air pollution remain a public concern worldwide. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 report, we statistically analysed total mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), and Years of Life Lost (YLL) attributable to air pollution in eight East African countries between 1990 and 2019.We acquired ambient ozone (O 3 ), PM 2.5 concentrations and Household Air Pollution (HAP) from the solid fuel from the State of Global Air report. The multilinear regression model was used to evaluate the predictability of YLLs by the air pollutants. We estimated the ratio rate for each health burden attributable to air pollution to compare the country's efforts in the reduction of air pollution health burden. This study found that the total number of deaths attributable to air pollution decreased by 14.26% for 30 years. The drop came from the reduction of 43.09% in mortality related to Lower Respiratory tract Infection (LRI). However, only ve out of eight countries managed to decrease the total number of deaths attributable to air pollution with the highest decrease observed in Ethiopia (40.90%), and the highest increase in Somalia (67.49%). The linear regression model showed that HAP is the pollutant of the most concern in the region, with a 1% increase in HAP resulting in a 31.06% increase in regional YLL (R 2 = 0.93; p < 0.05). With the increasing ground-level ozone, accompanied by the lack of adequate measures to reduce particulate pollutants, the health burdens attributable to air pollution are still a threat in the region.

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Spatial variability of dust concentration and deposition around an industrial port in South Africa emphasises the complexity of sources and transport

Vos,

Kangueehi,

Toesie

et al. 2024

Air Qual Atmos Health

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The port and industrial zone of Saldanha Bay in South Africa accommodates activities related to the transport, processing, and production of commodities such as iron ore, manganese ore, and steel. The visible emission of dust from this area raised concerns for public health and to address this, the municipality has monitored the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and dust deposition since 2015. Here, this monitoring data served to assess spatial and temporal changes and to evaluate the potential contribution of industrial and meteorological processes to these changes. We observed high temporal variability in both PM2.5 concentration and dust deposition, and high spatial variation in dust depositions. Dust originated from local sources such as industry and traffic, but industrial activities could not explain the observed spatial variability, and concentration and deposition fluxes did not significantly increase over the years despite the extension of industrial activities. Meteorological factors such as rain, wind speed, wind direction, as well as topography exerted an important influence, but could also only partially explain the observed variability in both dust concentration and deposition. Furthermore, the PM2.5 concentration and dust deposition are not significantly correlated, which highlights the challenges in appropriate dust monitoring. It follows that such monitoring efforts, though meeting national standards, require improvement to assess risks accurately. Our study illustrates that in areas with such high complexity of industrial activities, the high variability of dust load and deposition must be considered to evaluate implications for public and environmental health, adherence to guidelines, and mitigation strategies.

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Longitudinal Ambient PM2.5 Measurement at Fifteen Locations in Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries Using Low-Cost Sensors

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Spatio–temporal trends of air quality, Kampala City, Uganda, 2020–2022

Spatio–temporal trends of air quality, Kampala City, Uganda, 2020–2022

Assessment of the health impacts of air pollution exposure in East African countries

Spatial variability of dust concentration and deposition around an industrial port in South Africa emphasises the complexity of sources and transport

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