Longevity of treethrow microtopography: implications for mass wasting

Schaetzl, Randall J.; Follmer, Leon R.

doi:10.1016/0169-555x(90)90040-w

Cited by 82 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The persistence of tree throw gravel lags in a number of soils was noted by Johnson (1990). Schaetzl and Follmer (1990) found that tree throw mounds persist for more than 1000 years in Michigan and Wisconsin. The longevity is partly due to feedback effects on soils which inhibit erosion.…”

Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coarse clasts may also be brought to the surface by tree throw, which not only modifies the soil profile but has subsequent effects via surface armoring Schaetzl and Follmer, 1990). The persistence of tree throw gravel lags in a number of soils was noted by Johnson (1990).…”

Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been shown that at least in some cases these effects persist long after the tree is gone, thus leaving a ''signature'' that provides information about tree spacing, forest characteristics, and other ecological variables (Mossa and Schumacher, 1993;Retallack, 1990;Schaetzl, 1990;Schaetzl and Follmer, 1990;Small et al, 1990;Stephens, 1956;Vasenev and Targul'yan, 1995;Wilson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organic matter from the decomposing tree, as well as the indirect effects via forest and soil organic matter turnover, also influence soil organic properties, chemistry, and weathering (Scatena and Lugo, 1995;Vasenev and Targul'yan, 1995). Accumulation of snow and the formation of impermeable ice layers varies between the mounds and pits; accordingly microclimatic effects on pedogenesis are also important (Vasenev and Targul'yan, 1995;Schaetzl, 1990;Schaetzl and Follmer, 1990).…”

Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pedological memory in forest soil development

Phillips

Marion

2004

Forest Ecology and Management

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Individual trees may have significant impacts on soil morphology. If these impacts are non-random such that some microsites are repeatedly preferentially affected by trees, complex local spatial variability of soils would result. A model of self-reinforcing pedologic influences of trees (SRPIT) is proposed to explain patterns of soil variability in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas. SRPIT postulates that trees are preferentially established on patches that are nutrient-rich and rock fragment poor relative to adjacent sites. The biomechanical effects of trees on soil, and decomposition of roots then maintain and reinforce the rock fragment and nutrient differences relative to surrounding soils, increasing the likelihood of successful future tree establishment. The links hypothesized in the SRPIT model are dynamically unstable, which would be necessary for the self-reinforcing mechanisms to operate. Soil variability in 16 study plots is dominated by local, within-plot variability, pointing to highly localized biological effects and consistent with the SRPIT model. Within each 0.127 ha plot, 4-11 different series, and 4-9 different rock fragment classes were found. Of the 10 paired pits at each plot, 3-7 pairs had different series in pits typically less than 1 m apart. On average, each of the 16 plots had 6.3 different soil types, 6 different rock fragment classes, and 60% of the sample pairs differing in soil series. Richness-area analysis of soil series, and of rock fragment classes, both indicate that pedodiversity is dominated by within-plot rather than between-plot variability. The vertical variations in the concentration of rock fragments in 40 of 58 soil pits is consistent with redistribution of soil material by tree throw, and there is also evidence of rock fragment displacement by tree growth and deposition in stump holes. Overall, results suggest that soil morphological effects of individual trees are an important source of soil spatial variability in forests, and that such effects are non-random over time. Thus even relatively homogeneous areas may be characterized by tree-rich patches which support repeated generations of trees, and tree-poor patches which more rarely host trees. #

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Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pedological memory in forest soil development

Phillips

Marion

2004

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…For example, researchers have suggested that trees can set (i) the frequency with which soils are overturned and moved downslope by tree throw (Lutz and Griswold, 1939;Schaetzl and Follmer, 1990;Norman et al, 1995), (ii) the extent and magnitude of soil expansion through root network propagation (Brimhall et al, 1992;Hoffman and Anderson, 2014), and (iii) the persistence of soil-stabilizing root networks (Denny and Goodlett, 1956;Schaetzl and Follmer, 1990;Norman et al, 1995). In most erosional settings, the depth of mobile soil, h, coincides with the depth of physical or biological disturbance processes (Roering et al, 2010;Yoo et al, 2011).…”

Section: Architectural Layering Of the Critical Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Trees, the most successful biological power plants on earth, build and plumb the critical zone (CZ) in ways that we do not yet understand. To encourage exploration of the character and implications of interactions between trees and soil in the CZ, we propose nine hypotheses that can be tested at diverse settings. The hypotheses are roughly divided into those about the architecture (building) and those about the water (plumbing) in the CZ, but the two functions are intertwined. Depending upon one's disciplinary background, many of the nine hypotheses listed below may appear obviously true or obviously false. (1) Tree roots can only physically penetrate and biogeochemically comminute the immobile substrate underlying mobile soil where that underlying substrate is fractured or pre-weathered. (2) In settings where the thickness of weathered material, H , is large, trees primarily shape the CZ through biogeochemical reactions within the rooting zone. (3) In forested uplands, the thickness of mobile soil, h, can evolve toward a steady state because of feedbacks related to root disruption and tree throw. (4) In settings where h H and the rates of uplift and erosion are low, the uptake of phosphorus into trees is buffered by the fine-grained fraction of the soil, and the ultimate source of this phosphorus is dust. (5) In settings of limited water availability, trees maintain the highest length density of functional roots at depths where water can be extracted over most of the growing season with the least amount of energy expenditure. (6) Trees grow the majority of their roots in the zone where the most growth-limiting resource is abundant, but they also grow roots at other depths to forage for other resources and to hydraulically redistribute those resources to depths where they can be taken up more efficiently. (7) Trees rely on matrix water in the unsaturated zone that at times may have anPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 5116 S. L. Brantley et al.: Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone isotopic composition distinct from the gravity-drained water that transits from the hillslope to groundwater and streamflow. (8) Mycorrhizal fungi can use matrix water directly, but trees can only use this water by accessing it indirectly through the fungi. (9) Even trees growing well above the valley floor of a catchment can directly affect stream chemistry where changes in permeability near the rooting zone promote intermittent zones of water saturation and downslope flow of water to the stream. By testing these nine hypotheses, we will generate important new cross-disciplinary insights that advance CZ science.

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Soils of the Past

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Longevity of treethrow microtopography: implications for mass wasting

Cited by 82 publications

References 27 publications

Pedological memory in forest soil development

Pedological memory in forest soil development

Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone

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