Longevity of SLE-prone mice increased by dietary 2-mercaptoethanol via a mechanism imprinted within the first 28 days of life

Click, Robert E.

doi:10.4161/viru.1.6.13805

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…There was no significant difference in water intake between the control and BME-treated animals (about 3 ml/day/mouse), as previously reported 19 . The calculated daily BME intake was about 200 nmol/g, similar to that used in “nutritional” studies 19 but an order of magnitude lower than the empirically determined LD 50 in mice (4.42 μmol/g) 26 .…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Although known for its unpleasant odor at extremely high concentration, low dose BME is mild and well tolerated but under-appreciated as a potential food additive. Several laboratories have reported long-term health benefits of BME in preclinical models, including brain chemistry, longevity, weight control, tumor suppression, and immunological functions 19–25 . We hypothesized that long-term treatment with low dose BME would reduce systemic oxidative stress and improve general health in animals with pre-existing obesity and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2014

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Aims Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with increased oxidant stress. However, treatments of obese subjects with different types of antioxidants often give mixed outcomes. In this work, we sought to determine if long-term supplementation of a thiol antioxidant, β-mercaptoethanol, to diet-induced obese mice may improve their health conditions. Main Methods Middle-age mice with pre-existing diet-induced obesity were provided with low concentration β-mercaptoethanol (BME) in drinking water for six months. Animals were assessed for body composition, gripping strength, spontaneous physical and metabolic activities, as well as insulin and pyruvate tolerance tests. Markers of inflammation were assessed in plasma, fat tissue, and liver. Key findings BME-treated mice gained less fat mass and more lean mass than the control animals. They also showed increased nocturnal locomotion and respiration, as well as greater gripping strength. BME reduced plasma lipid peroxidation, decreased abdominal fat tissue inflammation, reduced fat infiltration into muscle and liver, and reduced liver and plasma C-reactive protein. However, BME was found to desensitize insulin signaling in vivo, an effect also confirmed by in vitro experiments. Conclusion Long-term supplementation of low dose thiol antioxidant BME improved functional outcomes in animals with pre-existing obesity. Additional studies are needed to address the treatment impact on insulin sensitivity if a therapeutic value is to be explored.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

et al. 2014

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“…40); and/or (4) maintaining nature's endogenous thiols-glutathione and thioredoxin-at functional concentrations for optimal cellular redox balance. 40,41 In many respects, organosulfurs from both sources have a number of similarities. They are or can form "self" or mixed disulfides, and those that are bioactive are structurally susceptible to enzymatic conversion to hypothesized sulfane sulfur or hydrogen sulfide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are included in this study because of the unexpected high incidence of presumptive mammary tumors found during investigations on its SLE-prone congenic strain, BXSB/J. 40 C3H.OL and C3H.OH (H-2 congenic with C3H/ HeDiSn, a strain known to have a high incidence of mammary tumors, 47,48 ), multiparous females (plus breeder-males) were included because of their abundance in the author's colony at the University of Minnesota and because of the observed high incidence of virally-induced mammary tumors. Both C3H.OL and C3H.OH pups were exposed to exogenous, milk-transmitted retrovirus, MMTV(S).…”

Section: Mice and Their Husbandry Bxsb-yaamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplementation with 2-Me was well-tolerated as it did not alter consumption of food or water and did not result in weight loss/gain compared with age-matched controls-these data are not included since it did not differ from that reported previously for many other strains. [18][19][20][21]31,40 Treatment with 2-Me was started at weaning (35-40 d of age) and continued for an animal's entire life. Average daily consumption of 2-Me fluctuated over the lifetime from 60-80 ugm/gm body wt.…”

Section: Bxsb-yaamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary supplemented 2-mercaptoethanol prevents spontaneous and delays virally-induced murine mammary tumorigenesis

Click

2013

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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Review: 2-Mercaptoethanol alteration of in vitro immune functions of species other than murine

Click

2014

Journal of Immunological Methods

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Descriptions that organosulfurs could alter biologically relevant cellular functions began some 40 years ago when cell mediated and humoral murine in vitro immune responses were reported to be dramatically enhanced by any of four xenobiotic, sulfhydryl compounds—2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), dithiothreitol, glutathione, and L-cysteine; the most effective of the four was 2-ME. These findings triggered a plethora of reports defining 2-ME benefits for a multitude of immunological processes, primarily with murine models. This led to investigations on 2-ME alterations of (a) immune functions in other species, (b) activities of other cell-types, and (c) in situ diseases. In addition, the early findings may have been instrumental in identification of the previously undefined anticarcinogenic chemicals in specific foods as organosulfurs. Outside the plant organosulfurs, there are no comprehensive reviews of these areas to help define mechanisms by which organosulfurs function as well as identify potential alternative uses. Therefore, the present review will focus on 2-ME alterations of in vitro immune functions in species other than murine; namely, fish, amphibian, reptile, avian, whales, dolphins, rat, hamster, rabbit, guinea pig, feline, canine, porcine, ovine, bovine, and human. Processes, some unique to a given species, were in general, enhanced and in some cases dependent upon the presence of 2-ME. The largest benefits occurred in media that were serum free, followed by those in autologous serum and then fetal bovine serum supplemented medium. Concentrations of 2-ME were generally in the low μM range, with exceptions of those for salamander (20 mM), turtles (70 mM) and dolphins (7 mM). The few studies designed to assess mechanisms found that changes induced by 2-ME were generally accompanied by alterations of reduced/oxidized glutathione cellular concentrations. The major benefit for most studies, however, was to increase the sensitivity of the culture environment, which permitted a specific process to be more easily dissected.

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Longevity of SLE-prone mice increased by dietary 2-mercaptoethanol via a mechanism imprinted within the first 28 days of life

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

Effects of thiol antioxidant β-mercaptoethanol on diet-induced obese mice

Dietary supplemented 2-mercaptoethanol prevents spontaneous and delays virally-induced murine mammary tumorigenesis

Review: 2-Mercaptoethanol alteration of in vitro immune functions of species other than murine

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