Longevity and Neutralizing Capacity of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Generated by the Application of BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac Vaccines: a Cohort Study in the Mexican Population

Fernandes-Matano, Larissa; Salas-Lais, Ángel Gustavo; Grajales-Muñiz, Concepción; Hernández-Ávila, Mauricio; Garfias, Yonathan; Rodríguez-Sepúlveda, Mario César; Segura-Sánchez, Carlos; Montes-Herrera, Daniel; Mendoza-Sánchez, Denisse; Angeles-Martínez, Javier; Coy-Arechavaleta, Andrea Santos; Alvarado-Yaah, Julio Elías; Santacruz-Tinoco, Clara Esperanza; Gallegos, Eva Ramón

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02376-22

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There are various epitopes against which antibodies can be formed, such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or the S1/S2 domain of the spike glycoprotein [ 5 ]. As described in previous studies, protective immunity mediated by antibodies with virus-neutralizing capacity correlates with anti-RBD/S1 antibodies [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Thus, anti-RBD/S1-pan-Ig serves as a surrogate parameter to monitor humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Heterologous Vector—mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector—Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines

et al. 2023

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Background: Longitudinal humoral SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) immunity for up to 15 months due to vaccination, the efficacy of vaccination strategies (homologous, vector–vector versus heterologous, vector–mRNA), the influence of vaccination side effects, and the infection rate in German healthcare workers need to be investigated. Methods: In this study, 103 individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled to examine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig levels. A total of 415 blood samples in lithium heparin tubes were prospectively obtained, and a structured survey regarding medical history, type of vaccine, and vaccination reactions was conducted. Results: All participants demonstrated a humoral immune response, among whom no values decreased below the positivity cutoff. Five to six months after the third vaccination, three participants showed anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of less than 1000 U/mL. We observed higher levels for heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combinations compared to pure vector-based vaccination after the second vaccination, which is harmonized after a third vaccination with the mRNA-vaccine only in both cohorts. The incidence of vaccine breakthrough in a highly exposed cohort was 60.3%. Conclusion: Sustained long-term humoral immunity was observed, indicating the superiority of a heterologous mRNA-/vector-based combination compared to pure vector-based vaccination. There was longevity of anti-RBD/S1 antibodies of at least 4 and up to 7 months without external stimulus. Regarding vaccination reactogenity, the occurrence of local symptoms as pain at the injection site was increased after the first mRNA application compared to the vector–vector cohort with a general decrease in adverse events at later vaccination time points. Overall, a correlation between the humoral vaccination response and vaccination side effects was not observed. Despite the high prevalence of vaccine breakthroughs, these only occurred in the later course of the study when more infectious variants, which are, however, associated with milder courses, were present. These results provide insights into vaccine-related serologic responses, and the study should be expanded using additional vaccine doses and novel variants in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Heterologous Vector—mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector—Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines

et al. 2023

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“…However, because no such scenarios were observed in the study cohort, a detailed analysis of cellular immunity was not conducted. Moreover, previous studies described that protective immunity mediated by antibodies with a virus-neutralizing capacity correlates with anti-RBD/S1 antibodies [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Thus, the anti-RBD/S1-pan-Ig serves as a surrogate parameter to monitor humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Clinical Factors and SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Antibody Production in Vaccinated German Healthcare Professionals Infected Either with the Delta or the Omicron Variant

Gerhards,

Steingass,

Heininger

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Background: The aim of the rapid introduction of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic was a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and a less frequent occurrence of severe COVID-19 courses. Thus, we evaluated COVID-19 severity in vaccinated individuals to examine variant-specific symptom characteristics and their clinical impact on the serological immune response. Methods: A total of 185 individuals previously vaccinated against and infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) or Omicron (BA.4 and BA.5) variant, were enrolled for anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-N- and anti-RBD/S1-Ig level detection. A structured survey regarding medical history was conducted. Results: In 99.5 percent of cases, outpatient treatment was satisfactory. Specific symptoms associated with variants included ageusia and anosmia in patients with Delta infections and throat pain in Omicron infections. Among Delta-infected individuals with specific symptoms, significantly higher levels of anti-N antibodies were observed. Conclusion: Our study identified variant-specific differences in the amount of SARS-CoV-2 antibody production and COVID-19 symptoms. Despite this, vaccinated individuals with Omicron or Delta infections generally experienced mild disease courses. Additionally, asymptomatic individuals exhibit lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, indicating a clinical correlation between disease-specific antibodies and distinct symptoms, particularly in the case of the Delta variant. In follow-up studies, exploring post-COVID syndrome and focusing on cognitive symptoms in the acute phase of Omicron infections is crucial as it has the potential to longitudinally impact the lives of those affected.

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“…The CanSino vaccine is produced using genetic engineering techniques with recombinant virus technology [25]. It was documented that in Mexico, 19% of the population examined did not respond to the CanSino vaccine [26]. This finding coincides with the present report where the CanSino vaccine elicited a lower percentage of antibody development (10% of individuals did not respond) against the RBD region of the SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen in comparison to that of other vaccines assessed here, where an immune response was induced in all individuals (100%) after vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Immunological Response, and COVID-19: An Assessment of Vaccine Strategies in a Pandemic Region of Oaxaca, México

Rodríguez-Martínez,

Chavelas-Reyes,

Medina-Ramírez

et al. 2024

Microbiology Research

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COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern, but long COVID’s effects are yet to be fully understood. Hence, globally, SARS-CoV-2 is still a profound threat to public health and of perilous nature as a zoonotic disease. Timely vaccination provided to individuals worldwide during the pandemic phase was under a certain degree of control; however, few studies have reported the effectiveness of vaccines administered in Mexico, and its surveillance is paramount. Furthermore, an unknown proportion of Mexican individuals have not yet received any vaccine, and the circulation of the Omicron, Pirola, and FLiRT variants is ongoing. A cross-sectional serology survey study design was employed, involving 150 individuals from Southern Mexico (Oaxaca) whose humoral immune responses after vaccination were tested by an ELISA; the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein served as a recombinant antigen in the ELISA. One hundred thirty-nine out of 150 individuals (92.6%; 95%-CI = 87–95%) examined were positive for the ELISA, but in 11 individuals, the vaccines did not induce any immune response. Interestingly, the immune responses (antibody prevalence and levels) of females (58%) were higher (T= −2.21; p-value = 0.02) than those of males (41%). However, in this sample population of Southern Mexico, age, vaccine type, comorbidity, and body mass index did not have any effect (p > 0.05) after COVID-19 vaccination. Taking all results together, here, we present factors that affected immune responses of individuals during the first vaccination campaign in Oaxaca, Mexico; however, vaccine surveillance during the post-pandemic phase needs further investigation.

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Longevity and Neutralizing Capacity of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Generated by the Application of BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac Vaccines: a Cohort Study in the Mexican Population

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Heterologous Vector—mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector—Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines

Heterologous Vector—mRNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Strategy Appears Superior to a Homologous Vector—Based Vaccination Scheme in German Healthcare Workers Regarding Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Response Indicating a High Boosting Effect by mRNA Vaccines

The Impact of Clinical Factors and SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Antibody Production in Vaccinated German Healthcare Professionals Infected Either with the Delta or the Omicron Variant

Gender, Immunological Response, and COVID-19: An Assessment of Vaccine Strategies in a Pandemic Region of Oaxaca, México

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