Longest HVAC Cable Systems: A Review

Pedrazzoli, G.; Rinzo, Giovanni

doi:10.1109/eeeic.2018.8494213

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, the actual changes during the long modeling period may not be fully captured in this paper. For example, future electricity is anticipated to be cleaner with lower GHG emissions per kWh, but higher copper demand in infrastructure due to the adoption of more renewable energy like wind and solar. , Electricity from intermittent renewable energy like offshore wind requires grid expansion and thus needs more copper. − Although high-voltage grids could potentially reduce the transmission loss and carry more power per cable (thus less copper), other issues like installation cost and thick insulation for safety need to be scrutinized. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Copper Circularity as a Result of Increased Material Efficiency in the U.S. Housing Stock

Wang

Berrill

Zimmerman

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Material efficiency (ME) can support rapid climate change mitigation and circular economy. Here, we comprehensively assess the circularity of ME strategies for copper use in the U.S. housing services (including residential buildings and major household appliances) by integrating use-phase material and energy demand. Although the ME strategies of more intensive floor space use and extended lifetime of appliances and buildings reduce the primary copper demand, employing these strategies increases the commonly neglected use-phase share of total copper requirements during the century from 23–28 to 22–42%. Use-phase copper requirements for home improvements have remained larger than the demand gap (copper demand minus scrap availability) for much of the century, limiting copper circularity in the U.S. housing services. Further, use-phase energy consumption can negate the benefits of ME strategies. For instance, the lifetime extension of lower-efficiency refrigerators increases the copper use and net environmental impact by increased electricity use despite reductions from less production. This suggests a need for more attention to the use phase when assessing circularity, especially for products that are material and energy intensive during use. To avoid burden shifting, policymakers should consider the entire life cycle of products supporting services when pursuing circular economy goals.

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