“…In spark plasma sintering, heating is achieved by passing a pulsed DC electrical current through the matrix when the sample is nonconductive or through the sample when it is conductive. This gives the SPS method certain advantages, such as high heating rates (from 100 °C/min to 1000 °C/min) that permit faster densification, which allows sintering at lower temperatures and also with very short cycles, reducing grain growth [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Moreover, the possibility of applying external pressure during the sintering process makes it possible to carry out the consolidation of poorly sinterable ceramics in very short times, producing materials with better mechanical properties [ 61 , 62 ].…”