Long term variations of actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau

Han, Cunbo; Ma, Yaoming; Wang, Binbin; Zhong, Lei; Ma, Weiqiang; Chen, Xuelong; Su, Zhongbo

doi:10.5194/essd-2020-323

Cited by 11 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In this study, we developed a 37-year monthly ET dataset with a 0.01° spatial resolution for the 415 TP using the newly developed MOD16-STM model coupled with soil information to investigate the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the ET on the TP. Although previous studies have been conducted on the ET climatology on the TP (Peng et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021;Han et al, 2021;Ma et al, 2022), this is also a suitable ET database for use in climate studies covering the full study area with a high spatial resolution and a long time period. Our main findings are summarized below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Song et al (2017) estimated TP's ET (PM-Song) using the improved Penman-Monteith method and meteorological and satellite remote sensing 375 data with a spatial resolution of 1 km during 2000-2010, and they concluded that the average annual ET on the TP was 350.3 mm/year. In addition to this, the 18 mean annual ET values on the TP estimated using existing multi-source ET products (PML-Zhang (Zhang et al, 2019b), EB-ET (Chen et., 2019(Chen et., , 2021, CR-Ma (Ma et al, 2019) ssp126 (Eyring et al, 2016), GLDAS-Noah (Rodell et al, 2004), GLASS (Liang et al, 2021), GLEAM-v3.5b (Miralles et al, 2011), andERAR-Land (Muñoz-Sabater et al, 2021)) and previous research results (MTE (Jung et 380 al., 2010), PM-Li (Li et al, 2014a), LPJ-Yin (Yin et al, 2013)) are listed in Table 3 and shown in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Temporal Variations In Et Across Tpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, a wide variety of ET datasets have been compiled to improve estimations of the ET on the TP, i.e., the complementary relationship (CR) model (Ma et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020), the surface energy balance system (SEBS) model (Chen et al, , 2021Zhong et al, 2019;Han et al, 2017Han et al, , 2021, and the Penman-Monteith model with remote sensing (RS-PM) (Wang et al, 2018;Song et al, 2017;Chang et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introduction 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effects of the SM on the evaporation resistance and stomatal conductance are not included in this model. Furthermore, the recent ET dataset (Han et al, 2021) based on the energy balance method does not cover a long enough time period for climate trend analysis (about 18 years, 2001-2018), and it does not estimate the ET components.…”

Section: Introduction 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A monthly 0.01° terrestrial evapotranspiration product (1982–2018) for the Tibetan Plateau

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water balance system in the “Asian water tower” region, the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, accurately monitoring and understanding the spatial and temporal variability of the ET components (soil evaporation Es, canopy transpiration Ec, and intercepted water evaporation Ew) on the TP remains gravely challenging due to the paucity of observational data for this remote area. In this study, the 37 years (1982–2018) of monthly ET component data for the TP were produced using the MOD16-STM model, which uses the recently available soil properties, meteorological conditions, and remote sensing datasets. The estimated ET results correlate very well with the measurements from nine flux towers, with a low root mean square error of 13.48 mm/month, mean bias of 2.85 mm/month, coefficient of determination of 0.83, and index of agreement of 0.92. The annual average ET for the entire TP (specified as elevations higher than 2500 m) is about 0.93 ± 0.037 Gt/year. The main contribution of the ET on the TP comes from the soil, with the Es accounting for more than 84 % of the ET. During the study period, the ET exhibited a significant increasing trend, with rates of about 1–4 mm/year (p < 0.05), over most parts of the central and eastern TP and a significant decreasing trend, with rates of −3 to −1 mm/year, over the northwestern TP. The rate of increase in the ET on the TP over the past 37 years was around 0.96 mm/year. The increase in the ET over the entire TP from 1982 to 2018 can be explained by the warming and wetting trend of the climate on the TP during this period. The MOD16-STM ET data exhibited an acceptable performance over the TP compared with previous results. The MOD16-STM ET can adequately represent the actual ET and can be used for research on water resource management, drought monitoring, and ecological change. The whole datasets are freely available at the Science Data Bank (http://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.00020, Y. Ma, X.Chen, L. Yuan, 2021) and the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (TPDC) (http://doi.org/10.11888/Terre.tpdc.271913, L. Yuan, X.Chen, Y. Ma, 2021).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temporal Variations In Et Across Tpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A monthly 0.01° terrestrial evapotranspiration product (1982–2018) for the Tibetan Plateau

Yuan

Chen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Moreover, the time scale used in the above-mentioned studies was much longer, indicating that the ET rate on the TP has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Han et al (2021) revealed that the increasing rate in the eastern part of the plateau was mainly between 2.5 and 7.5 mm yr À1…”

Section: Et Mainly Derives From E On the Tpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and attribution analysis of modelled evapotranspiration on the Tibetan Plateau

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrological cycle, significantly influencing water distribution, energy cycle, and plant growth. In the context of global warming and acceleration of the water cycle, it is of great significance to analyse the trend and attribution of ET on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is most a sensitive and vulnerable area of the world. In this article, ET products, obtained from the improved Penman–Monteith–Leuning model with 1 km spatial resolution and 8 days temporal resolution, were used to investigate the trend and attribution of modelled ET and its components on the TP during the 2003–2017 period. The modelling results show the ET, soil evaporation (E), and vegetation transpiration (T) present a highly similar spatial pattern, with a distinct decreasing gradient from the humid southeastern areas to the arid northwestern areas of the plateau. In terms of its components, E (269 mm yr−1) contributes about 70% of ET (385 mm yr−1), especially in the northwestern region. Although the relationship between ET and elevation is not clear, the results showed that E increased with elevation, while T exhibited the opposite trend. At the same time, approximately 80% of the grids showed an increasing trend (increasing at a rate of 4.7 mm yr−1), mainly concentrated in the southeastern area, where the increased ET in forests and alpine meadows was the most obvious. Variations of modelled ET on the TP is distinguished into energy‐restricted and water‐restricted regions, corresponding respectively to the eastern region affected by temperature, and the western region controlled by soil moisture. The results of the present study can greatly improve our understanding of the hydrological cycle and the ability to manage water resources on the TP within the context of global climate change.

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Improvement of summer precipitation simulation with indirect assimilation of spring soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau

Cui

Wang

2022

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Soil moisture can be an important preceding signal in seasonal precipitation prediction because of its persistence and influence on the energy and water balance between land and atmosphere. The thawing process of frozen ground on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during spring makes it difficult to accurately simulate soil variables (e.g., soil moisture and temperature) due to defective parameterizations in numerical models during spring. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of soil moisture correction using an indirect nudging scheme to simulate the coupling between spring soil moisture and the subsequent precipitation with an advanced research version of the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The results without assimilation show that extreme cold and dry land surface states during spring cause a large bias in the spatial pattern of summer precipitation over almost the entire TP. However, the experiments with indirect assimilation in spring show that the spatial pattern of summer precipitation improved significantly. This comparison emphasizes the importance of correcting the spring soil moisture during the freeze–thaw period to significantly adjust the heat and water vapour exchange between the land and atmosphere. Additionally, changes in the circulation of the subtropical–tropical jet, vertical ascent, and region‐related moisture recycling can support an active convection environment over the eastern TP, thereby increasing summer precipitation. Furthermore, the pattern shift in water vapour convergence in summer highlights the regional horizontal transportation of water vapour. The differences between experiments with and without deep‐soil temperature nudging illustrate the significance of soil temperature in soil moisture simulation in the freeze–thaw process. More so, the deep‐soil temperature nudging scheme requires in‐depth studies to correct its variation and quantify its degree of impact on soil moisture.

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Long term variations of actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

A monthly 0.01° terrestrial evapotranspiration product (1982–2018) for the Tibetan Plateau

A monthly 0.01° terrestrial evapotranspiration product (1982–2018) for the Tibetan Plateau

Trends and attribution analysis of modelled evapotranspiration on the Tibetan Plateau

Improvement of summer precipitation simulation with indirect assimilation of spring soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau

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