Long-Term Variability of UV Irradiance in the Moscow Region according to Measurement and Modeling Data

Чубарова, Н. Э.; Pastukhova, A. S.; Galin, V. Ya.; Smyshlyaev, S. P.

doi:10.1134/s0001433818020056

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To account for total ozone and cloud variations we applied the same method to the different datasets (INM-RSHU CCM, ERA-Interim reanalysis, satellite TOMS/OMI). We should note, that in this study we do not take into account changes in aerosol optical properties and surface reflectivity, which could have some direct and indirect radiative effect on variations in Eery, but at much smaller level comparing with ozone and cloudiness over the 1979-2015 period [28].…”

Section: Methods and The Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As a result, we showed that for optically thin cloudiness with CMF > 0.95 we can neglect its spectral dependence, while a correction should be used in other conditions. According to [28], this correction is the following: CMF UV = (0.1417 × sin(h e ) 2 − 0.175 × sin(h e ) + 1.054)CMF (−0.04 × sin(h e ) 2 + 0.554 × sin(h e ) + 0.609)…”

Section: Methods and The Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed method has been successfully tested against the long-term measurements of erythema radiation at the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory over the 1999-2015 period [28].…”

Section: Methods and The Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many publications are devoted to the analysis of temporal variations in UV radiation obtained over local sites ([2] and references therein, [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]). According to these publications, an increase of UV radiation has been revealed over many European sites since the middle of 20 century, mainly due to ozone and cloud effects [28,29,31,33]. Over several locations (e.g., Thessaloniki) the increase in Eery to some extent can be also attributed to the decrease in aerosol optical thickness [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar approach has been previously developed in [40]. Changes in UV resources over the 1979-2015 period were first simulated for Moscow conditions in [28], where a transition from the UV optimum to UV moderate excess conditions for the population with the most vulnerable skin type I has been obtained in spring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Ozone and Clouds on Temporal Variability of Surface UV Radiation and UV Resources over Northern Eurasia Derived from Measurements and Modeling

et al. 2020

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Temporal variability in erythemal radiation over Northern Eurasia (40°–80° N, 10° W–180° E) due to total ozone column (X) and cloudiness was assessed by using retrievals from ERA-Interim reanalysis, TOMS/OMI satellite measurements, and INM-RSHU chemistry–climate model (CCM) for the 1979–2015 period. For clear-sky conditions during spring and summer, consistent trends in erythemal daily doses (Eery) up to +3%/decade, attributed to decreases in X, were calculated from the three datasets. Model experiments suggest that anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting substances were the largest contributor to Eery trends, while volcanic aerosol and changes in sea surface temperature also played an important role. For all-sky conditions, Eery trends, calculated from the ERA-Interim and TOMS/OMI data over the territory of Eastern Europe, Siberia and Northeastern Asia, were significantly larger (up to +5–8%/decade) due to a combination of decrease in ozone and cloudiness. In contrast, all-sky maximum trends in Eery, calculated from the CCM results, were only +3–4%/decade. While Eery trends for Northern Eurasia were generally positive, negative trends were observed in July over central Arctic regions due to an increase in cloudiness. Finally, changes in the ultraviolet (UV) resources (characteristics of UV radiation for beneficial (vitamin D production) or adverse (sunburn) effects on human health) were assessed. When defining a “UV optimum” condition with the best balance in Eery for human health, the observed increases in Eery led to a noticeable reduction of the area with UV optimum for skin types 1 and 2, especially in April. In contrast, in central Arctic regions, decreases in Eery in July resulted in a change from “UV excess” to “UV optimum” conditions for skin types 2 and 3.

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Section: Methods and The Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methods and The Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods and The Data Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of Ozone and Clouds on Temporal Variability of Surface UV Radiation and UV Resources over Northern Eurasia Derived from Measurements and Modeling

et al. 2020

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Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review

Verma,

Zanoletti,

Kareem

et al. 2023

Environ Chem Lett

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Skin exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and pollutants causes several skin disorders, calling for protection methods such as sunscreen application. However, common sunscreen contains chemicals that have displayed toxicity when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, alternatives approaches have been recently developed, such as the use of natural phytochemicals as active ingredients in photoprotection preparations. Here, we review skin protection with focus on the physics of ultraviolet radiation and photoprotection by ultraviolet filters. We present sensors for measuring ultraviolet radiation and ultraviolet radiation in ecosystems. We discuss the phototoxicity of drugs, preservatives, personal care products, and pollutants. Photocarcinogenesis, photoallergy, photostability, and toxicity of sunscreen ingredients and their impacts on human health and skin, are also reviewed. We observed that phytochemicals are promising for photoprotection due to their ability to absorb photon energy, and thus act as antioxidants.

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Stratospheric ozone, UV radiation, and climate interactions

Bernhard

Bais

Aucamp³

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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This assessment provides a comprehensive update of the effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and other factors (aerosols, surface reflectivity, solar activity, and climate) on the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The assessment is performed in the context of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its Amendments and Adjustments. Changes in UV radiation at low- and mid-latitudes (0–60°) during the last 25 years have generally been small (e.g., typically less than 4% per decade, increasing at some sites and decreasing at others) and were mostly driven by changes in cloud cover and atmospheric aerosol content, caused partly by climate change and partly by measures to control tropospheric pollution. Without the Montreal Protocol, erythemal (sunburning) UV irradiance at northern and southern latitudes of less than 50° would have increased by 10–20% between 1996 and 2020. For southern latitudes exceeding 50°, the UV Index (UVI) would have surged by between 25% (year-round at the southern tip of South America) and more than 100% (South Pole in spring). Variability of erythemal irradiance in Antarctica was very large during the last four years. In spring 2019, erythemal UV radiation was at the minimum of the historical (1991–2018) range at the South Pole, while near record-high values were observed in spring 2020, which were up to 80% above the historical mean. In the Arctic, some of the highest erythemal irradiances on record were measured in March and April 2020. For example in March 2020, the monthly average UVI over a site in the Canadian Arctic was up to 70% higher than the historical (2005–2019) average, often exceeding this mean by three standard deviations. Under the presumption that all countries will adhere to the Montreal Protocol in the future and that atmospheric aerosol concentrations remain constant, erythemal irradiance at mid-latitudes (30–60°) is projected to decrease between 2015 and 2090 by 2–5% in the north and by 4–6% in the south due to recovering ozone. Changes projected for the tropics are ≤ 3%. However, in industrial regions that are currently affected by air pollution, UV radiation will increase as measures to reduce air pollutants will gradually restore UV radiation intensities to those of a cleaner atmosphere. Since most substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol are also greenhouse gases, the phase-out of these substances may have avoided warming by 0.5–1.0 °C over mid-latitude regions of the continents, and by more than 1.0 °C in the Arctic; however, the uncertainty of these calculations is large. We also assess the effects of changes in stratospheric ozone on climate, focusing on the poleward shift of climate zones, and discuss the role of the small Antarctic ozone hole in 2019 on the devastating “Black Summer” fires in Australia. Additional topics include the assessment of advances in measuring and modeling of UV radiation; methods for determining personal UV exposure; the effect of solar radiation management (stratospheric aerosol injections) on UV radiation relevant for plants; and possible revisions to the vitamin D action spectrum, which describes the wavelength dependence of the synthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin upon exposure to UV radiation. Graphical abstract

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Long-Term Variability of UV Irradiance in the Moscow Region according to Measurement and Modeling Data

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Ozone and Clouds on Temporal Variability of Surface UV Radiation and UV Resources over Northern Eurasia Derived from Measurements and Modeling

Effects of Ozone and Clouds on Temporal Variability of Surface UV Radiation and UV Resources over Northern Eurasia Derived from Measurements and Modeling

Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review

Stratospheric ozone, UV radiation, and climate interactions

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