Long-term trends in the distribution of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay: roles of light, nutrients and streamflow

Harding, Lawrence W.

doi:10.3354/meps104267

Cited by 200 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…An unusually large summer bloom (up to 73 μg chl L −1 ) was observed in this region (Stn S12), accompanied by a drawdown of PO 4 to limiting concentrations (Xu et al 2009). The frontal region of the plume has also been found to have high chl a concentrations relative to inshore and offshore waters in other coastal waters such as Chesapeake Bay (Breitburg 1990;Harding 1994) and the Mississippi River plume (Grimes and Finucane 1991).…”

Section: Spatial Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoplankton Biomass and Production in Subtropical Hong Kong Waters: Influence of the Pearl River Outflow

Yin

et al. 2009

Estuaries and Coasts

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The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and primary production were investigated in four contrasting areas of Hong Kong waters in 2006. Phytoplankton biomass and production varied seasonally in response to the influence of the Pearl River discharge. In the dry season, the phytoplankton biomass and production were low (<42 mg chl m −2 and <1.8 g C m −2 day −1 ) in all four areas, due to low temperatures and dilution and reduced light availability due to strong vertical mixing. In contrast, in the wet season, in the river-impacted western areas, the phytoplankton biomass and production increased greater than five-fold compared to the dry season, especially in summer. In summer, algal biomass was 15-fold higher than in winter, and the mean integrated primary productivity (IPP) was 9 g C m −2 day −1 in southern waters due to strong stratification, high temperatures, light availability, and nutrient input from the Pearl River estuary. However, in the highly flushed western waters, chl a and IPP were lower (<30 mg m −2 and 4 g C m −2 day −1, respectively) due to dilution. The maximal algal biomass and primary production occurred in southern waters with strong stratification and less flushing. Spring blooms (>10 μg chlaL −1 ) rarely occurred despite the high chl-specific photosynthetic rate (mostly >10 μg C μg chla) as the accumulation of algal biomass was restricted by active physical processes (e.g., strong vertical mixing and freshwater dilution). Phytoplankton biomass and production were mostly dominated by the >5-μm size fraction all year except in eastern waters during spring and mostly composed of fast-growing chain-forming diatoms. In the stratified southern waters in summer, the largest algal blooms occurred in part due to high nutrient inputs from the Pearl River estuary.

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Section: Spatial Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substantial attention has been paid to phytoplankton dynamics in temperate systems such as Chesapeake Bay (Harding 1994;Kemp et al 2005). However, comparatively few studies have been conducted in subtropical estuaries (Murrell et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton Biomass and Production in Subtropical Hong Kong Waters: Influence of the Pearl River Outflow

Yin

et al. 2009

Estuaries and Coasts

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“…Based on the first derivative of the second-order polynomial describing this relationship, we estimate this minimum salinity to be approximately 17. The occurrence of lower BP : CHLA ratios at intermediate salinities may be a function of conditions in the middle to lower estuary, where phytoplankton are liberated from light limitation and respond to elevated nutrient concentrations (HARDING, 1994), resulting in an increase in CHLA relative to BP. This pattern may also be driven by lower growth efficiencies at intermediate salinities that result from elevated rates of bacterial respiration and reduced BP and are related to shifts in bacterioplankton phylogeny and/or metabolism associated with changing salinity (BOUVIER and DEL GIOR- GIO, 2002;CRUMP, AMBRUST, and BAROSS, 1999;DEL GIOR-GIO and BOUVIER, 2002;YOKOKAWA et al, 2004).…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of System-Level Nutrient Enrichment on Bacterioplankton Production in a Tidally-Influenced Estuary**

Apple¹,

Giorgio²,

Newell³

2004

Journal of Coastal Research

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“…Elevated inputs of both nitrogen and phosphorus to the Chesapeake watershed have resulted in excessive phytoplankton production within the Bay (Malone et al 1986(Malone et al , 1988Boynton et al 1982;Correll 1987;Jordan et al 1991a, b;Gallegos et al 1992;Harding 1994;Harding and Perry 1997). Consequently, submerged aquatic vegetation has declined (Kemp et al 1983;Orth and Moore 1983) and hypoxic conditions have increased in both magnitude and extent (Taft et al 1980;Officer et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region

et al. 2008

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We estimated net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs (NAPI) in the Chesapeake Bay region. NAPI is an index of phosphorus pollution potential. NAPI was estimated by quantifying all phosphorus inputs and outputs for each county. Inputs include fertilizer applications and non-food phosphorus uses, while trade of food and feed can be an input or an output. The average of 1987The average of , 1992The average of , 1997The average of , and 2002 NAPI for individual counties ranged from 0.02 to 78.46 kg P ha -1 year -1 . The overall area-weighted average NAPI for 266 counties in the region was 4.52 kg P ha -1 year -1 , indicating a positive net phosphorus input that can accumulate in the landscape or can pollute the water. Large positive NAPI values were associated with agricultural and developed land cover. County area-weighted NAPI increased from 4.43 to 4.94 kg P ha -1 year -1 between 1987 and 1997 but decreased slightly to 4.86 kg P ha -1 year -1 by 2002. Human population density, livestock unit density, and percent row crop land combined to explain 83% of the variability in NAPI among counties. Around 10% of total NAPI entering the Chesapeake Bay watershed is discharged into Chesapeake Bay. The developed land component of NAPI had a strong direct correlation with measured phosphorus discharges from major rivers draining to the Bay (R 2 = 0.81), however, the correlation with the simple percentage of developed land was equally strong. Our results help identify the sources of P in the landscape and evaluate the utility of NAPI as a predictor of water quality.

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Long-term trends in the distribution of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay: roles of light, nutrients and streamflow

Cited by 200 publications

References 21 publications

Phytoplankton Biomass and Production in Subtropical Hong Kong Waters: Influence of the Pearl River Outflow

Phytoplankton Biomass and Production in Subtropical Hong Kong Waters: Influence of the Pearl River Outflow

The Effects of System-Level Nutrient Enrichment on Bacterioplankton Production in a Tidally-Influenced Estuary**

Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region

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