Long-term trends in local and transported PM2.5 pollution in New York City

Pitiranggon, Masha; Johnson, Sarah; Haney, Jay; Eisl, Holger; Ito, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118238

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Because of the difficulties in distributing No. 6 given it needs to be heated to flow, No. 2 oil was mixed 50/50 with No.…”

Section: Vehicles and Liquid Fuel Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess these changes in emissions, air quality, and health indicators in the New York State, several studies were conducted to assess trends in pollutant emissions and concentrations [3][4][5][6], identify the major sources and their trends [6][7][8], and examine the changes in the associations of PM 2.5 and source-specific PM 2.5 hospitalizations and emergency department visits for cardiovascular disease [9,10]. This paper provides a review of these findings with a focus on the urban sites across New York where both mass concentrations and chemical speciation of PM 2.5 measurements were made and presents their implications for the next steps needed to reduce particulate pollution and improve public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

Hopke

Hidy²

2022

Atmosphere

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In the period of 2005 to 2016, multiple air pollution control regulations have entered into effect in the United States at both the Federal and state level. In addition, economic changes have also occurred primarily in the electricity generation sector that substantially changed the emissions from this sector. This combination of policy implementations and economics has led to substantial reductions in PM2.5, its major constituents, and source specific PM2.5 concentrations across the New York State, particularly those of sulfate, nitrate, and primary organic carbon. However, secondary organic carbon and spark-ignition vehicular emission contributions have increased. Related studies of changes in health outcomes, the excess rates of emergency department visits and hospitalizations for a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and respiratory infections have increased per unit mass of PM2.5. It appears that the increased toxicity per unit mass was due to the reduction in low toxicity constituents such that the remaining mass had greater impacts on public health.

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“…Because of the difficulties in distributing No. 6 given it needs to be heated to flow, No. 2 oil was mixed 50/50 with No.…”

Section: Vehicles and Liquid Fuel Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

Hopke

Hidy²

2022

Atmosphere

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“… 18 Hydroxyl (OH) radicals may be available to react with VOCs because of the declining levels of SO 2 and NO x , leading to the formation of secondary organic aerosol and O 3 . 19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes were greatly attributed to reduced local and transported of coal-fired power plants emissions and other fossil-fuel combustions processes, with emphasis on secondary sulfate and nitrate precursors, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. 19 - 21 Very little attention has been paid to primary PM 2.5 emissions that contain hazardous carbonaceous aerosol including elemental carbon and a complex mixture of organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). 19 The New York/New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area (NY/NJ MSA) is the largest and denser urban agglomeration in North America, with almost 20 million people residing in a relatively small area (17 314 km 2 ), particularly those within New York City (NYC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 19 - 21 Very little attention has been paid to primary PM 2.5 emissions that contain hazardous carbonaceous aerosol including elemental carbon and a complex mixture of organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). 19 The New York/New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area (NY/NJ MSA) is the largest and denser urban agglomeration in North America, with almost 20 million people residing in a relatively small area (17 314 km 2 ), particularly those within New York City (NYC). The region meets the annual and daily 2012 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM 2.5 of 12 and 35 μg/m 3 , but it is a non-attainment area for ozone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

Singh

Johnson

Kavouras

2022

Environ�Health�Insights

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Declining ambient PM2.5 concentrations have been attributed to fuel consumption standards and emission controls of secondary sulfate and nitrate aerosol precursors from transportation and industrial sectors. As a result, the relative contribution of PM2.5 sources is modified, shifting PM2.5 trends, physicochemical characteristics, and health effects. Carbonaceous fine aerosol account for most of PM2.5 mass in the US. This study aims to examine the spatiotemporal trends of ambient PM2.5 levels and their association with primary PM2.5 emissions from anthropogenic activities and fires in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan statistical area (NYNJ MSA) airshed. PM2.5 mass concentrations were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Air Data. Ambient PM2.5 mass levels declined on average by 47%, at a rate of −0.61 ± 0.01 μg/m3/year in urban locations and −0.25 ± 0.01 μg/m3/year in upwind and peri-urban locations over the 2007 to 2017 period. The strong spatial gradient in 2007, with high PM2.5 levels in urban locations and low PM2.5 levels in peri-urban locations gradually weakened by 2013 but re-appeared in 2017. Over the same period, primary PM2.5 emissions declined by 52% from transportation, 15% from industrial, and 8% from other anthropogenic sources corresponding to a decrease of 0.8, 0.9, and 0.6 μg/m3 on ambient PM2.5 mass, respectively. Wildland and prescribed fires emissions increased more than 3 times adding 0.8 μg/m3 to ambient PM2.5 mass. These results indicate that (i) fire emissions may impede the effectiveness of existing policies to improve air quality and (ii) the chemical content of PM2.5 may be changing to an evolving mixture of aromatic and oxygenated organic species with differential toxicological responses as compared to inert ammonium sulfate and nitrate salts.

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Benefits of Short-term Premature Mortality Reduction Attributed to PM2.5 Pollution: A Case Study in Long an Province, Vietnam

Bui

Lai

Nguyen

2023

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Long-term trends in local and transported PM2.5 pollution in New York City

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

Benefits of Short-term Premature Mortality Reduction Attributed to PM2.5 Pollution: A Case Study in Long an Province, Vietnam

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Long-term trends in local and transported PM2.5 pollution in New York City

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

Changing Emissions Results in Changed PM2.5 Composition and Health Impacts

The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area

Benefits of Short-term Premature Mortality Reduction Attributed to PM2.5 Pollution: A Case Study in Long an Province, Vietnam

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The Effect of Transportation and Wildfires on the Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of PM_2.5 Mass in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Statistical Area