Long‐term trends and drivers of larval phenology and abundance of dominant brachyuran crabs in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada)

Emond, Kim; Sainte‐Marie, Bernard; Bêty, Joël

doi:10.1111/fog.12463

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Altered productivity (Asch, 2015;Cushing, 1975). Subsequent to Asch (2015), incidents of altered phenology have been documented in phytoplankton (Chivers et al, 2020;Salgado-Hernanz et al, 2019), crustaceans (Emond et al, 2020), and fish (Lombardo et al, 2020) in various locations around the world. Within the CCE, anchovy was very abundant during the winter off Oregon even though it had never been observed to spawn in this season, and sardine and hake were much more copious than normal in winter of the MHW (Auth et al, 2018).…”

Section: Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting the Pacific marine heatwave into perspective: The response of larval fish off southern California to unprecedented warming in 2014–2016 relative to the previous 65 years

Thompson

Ben-Aderet

Bowlin

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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The 2014-2016 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave (MHW) induced the warmest 3year period on record in the California Current Ecosystem. We tested whether larval fish assemblage structure, phenology, and diversity dynamics were comparable to past warming events from 1951 to 2013. First, we hypothesized, based on past observations of biological effect of warming, that mesopelagic species with southern distributions relative to southern California and Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax (a coastal pelagic species) would increase during the MHW while northern mesopelagics and northern anchovy Engraulis mordax (coastal pelagic) abundances would decline.Similar to past warming, southern mesopelagics increased and northern mesopelagics decreased. Unexpectedly, however, a common southern mesopelagic, Mexican lampfish Triphoturus mexicanus, was approximately three times more abundant than the previous annual high. Furthermore, whereas sardine abundance did not increase, larval anchovy abundance rose to near-record highs in summer 2016. Second, we hypothesized that fishes would spawn earlier during the MHW. Fishes did not spawn in an earlier season within a year, but five of six southern mesopelagic taxa spawned earlier than typical within winter and spring. Third, we predicted that species richness would increase moderately due to an influx of southern and exodus of northern species. Richness, however, was very high in all seasons and the highest ever during the summer as multiple species with primarily southern distributions were recorded spawning for the first time in southern California. The richness of northern species was also unexpectedly high during the MHW. Northern species likely persisted in the study area because in addition to the warm water, pockets of cold water were consistently present. If, as predicted, conditions similar to the MHW become more common as oceans warm, this unique and largely unexpected combination of fishes may reflect future biological conditions.

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Section: Phenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting the Pacific marine heatwave into perspective: The response of larval fish off southern California to unprecedented warming in 2014–2016 relative to the previous 65 years

Thompson

Ben-Aderet

Bowlin

et al. 2021

Global Change Biology

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show abstract

“…A second possibility is that sea ice processes could operate through ecosystem production and associated match-mismatch phenology of early-life feeding (i.e. [57]), as suggested by [58,59]. Although specific mechanisms of environmental regulation of stock productivity resulting from both sea ice and AO require further research, our research indicates that sea ice has a consistent directional effect on stock productivity while AO has a regionally specific directional role in regulating stocks.…”

Section: Snow Crab Sea Ice Ao and Co 2 Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Beyond selection of inclusion for specific climate variables to attempt to model snow crab biomass, intrinsic population processes could affect predictive performance of the STPM. For example, within portions of the Gulf of St. Lawrence it has been suggested that pulses of larval abundance are partially moderated through a cohort resonance phenomenon resulting from cannibalism by females and operating on a 7-9 year repeated cycle [58,59].…”

Section: Plos Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-Arctic no more: Short- and long-term global-scale prospects for snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) under global warming

Mullowney,

Baker,

Szuwalski

et al. 2023

PLOS Clim

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Snow crab is a sea-ice associated species that supports several economically important fisheries in northern latitudes. During the past decade considerable stock range changes have occurred, characterized by a general shift from sub-Arctic ecosystems into the Arctic. We developed predictive models for short-term biomass trajectories and long-term habitat potential under a changing climate. Sea ice extent and the Arctic Oscillation were important variables in the short-term models. Future sea ice extent was used as an analog for long-term habitat potential and was predicted as a function of projected atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and the Arctic Oscillation. Our results show that global scale snow crab habitat and biomass are currently at or near historically measured highs. Similar overall habitat potential to historic and current levels is expected to continue out to 2100 under best case CO2 scenarios but declines below historic levels are projected to begin after about 2050 under worst cast CO2 scenarios. In the short-term, most historical stock ranges are expected to maintain productive fisheries while new habitats open. In the long-term, under all CO2 scenarios, we project a shift in habitats from historic ranges into new frontiers as sea ice recedes. Future population trajectories depend upon the ability of snow crab to track habitat shifts and we discuss possible forthcoming changes in context of potential socioeconomic outcomes.

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“…Timing of larval release for benthic invertebrates can be triggered by external cues like temperature, light/dark regimes, lunar and tidal cycles, presence of food or a combination of several factors (Thorson 1950). For snow crab, several theories about the cue for hatching have been discussed (Emond et al 2020). Hatching is proposed to be initiated by the presence of senescent phytoplankton settling through the water column, so that hatching overlaps with post-plankton-bloom when diatoms and copepod nauplii are present as prey for the newly hatched crab larvae, thus increasing survival rate (Kruse et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic and genetic confirmed findings of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) larvae in the Barents Sea

et al. 2021

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The snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) is an Arctic cold-water species native to the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and the northern Pacific Ocean. During the recent decades, a population has established in the Barents Sea. Several aspects of the snow crabs’ biology in this area have not been described, including time of hatching, intermoult duration of the different larval stages and larval distribution. Insight into the early-life stages might increase the understanding of the population's dynamics and further spreading in the Barents Sea as well as inform basis for making monitoring and management decisions. The present study investigated the presence and developmental stage of snow crab larva in plankton samples obtained in the central Barents Sea during a research survey in June and July 2019. Presence of snow crab larvae was confirmed through taxonomic and genetic identification. All larvae were identified as zoea I, which gives an indication of the timing of the hatching period. Morphological measurements coincide well with those reported in studies from the species native distribution range. No larvae of native Hyas spp. were found and overlap in temporal and spatial distribution is discussed. The study provides important information for development of further research into the biology of the snow crab in the Barents Sea.

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Long‐term trends and drivers of larval phenology and abundance of dominant brachyuran crabs in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Canada)

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Putting the Pacific marine heatwave into perspective: The response of larval fish off southern California to unprecedented warming in 2014–2016 relative to the previous 65 years

Putting the Pacific marine heatwave into perspective: The response of larval fish off southern California to unprecedented warming in 2014–2016 relative to the previous 65 years

Sub-Arctic no more: Short- and long-term global-scale prospects for snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) under global warming

Taxonomic and genetic confirmed findings of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) larvae in the Barents Sea

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