Long-term trend analysis of water-level response to rainfall of Gulbarga watershed, Karnataka, India, in basaltic terrain: hydrogeological environmental appraisal in arid region

Abstract

Hydrogeological environment of an area includes surface and subsurface water resources. Groundwater is continuously getting recharged by surface water sources and rainfall. Recharge and discharge of an area can be reflected by water-table rise and drawdown. Water table of an area represents the groundwater strategy in the formation and majorly depends on the amount of precipitation. An attempt is carried out to analyze the correlation between rainfall and water table in arid climatic condition within the Gulbarga watershed, Karnataka, India. Rainfall and water-table data were collected from Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Karnataka, which consists of information from 2001 to 2011. Month-wise data are processed into distinctive four seasonal data, namely winter, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon. The rainfall data are analyzed, and accordingly they have been classified as good year and bad year depending upon the amount of precipitation. The study focuses on the need of rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge structures to improve groundwater resource sustainability for future generation.

Trends and Non-Stationarity in Groundwater Level Changes in Rapidly Developing Indian Cities

“…The impacts of climate variability on GWL changes were grossly analyzed by correlating rainfall with GWL changes in the wells having non-stationarity [67]. The relationship between rainfall-groundwater recharge is complex; however, few studies show a high correlation between them [68][69][70]. Since the groundwater system's recharge characteristics are complex, there is always a time delay between rainfall and the water to reach the groundwater table [68,71].…”