Long term treatment of severe hypercholesterolaemia with guar gum

Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Silvasti, M; Aro, Antti; Koistinen, A; Karttunen, P; Gref, Carl-Gustav; Ehnholm, Christian; Uusitupa, Matti

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(88)90076-7

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The best long‐term data available for soluble fiber are for the use of psyllium for 6 months and the use of guar for 12–24 months (Figure 1). Use of psyllium for 6 months maintains the LDL‐cholesterol reduction of 6.7% 42 and long‐term use of guar sustains reductions of LDL‐cholesterol values of 16.1% at 1 year and 25.6% at 24 months 43–45 . While the levels of guar used in these studies may not be practical for widespread use, these data do indicate that regular use of a soluble fiber can sustain significant hypocholesterolemic effects for long‐term periods.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Health and Fibermentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Use of psyllium for 6 months maintains the LDL-cholesterol reduction of 6.7% 42 and long-term use of guar sustains reductions of LDLcholesterol values of 16.1% at 1 year and 25.6% at 24 months. [43][44][45] While the levels of guar used in these studies may not be practical for widespread use, these data do indicate that regular use of a soluble fiber can sustain significant hypocholesterolemic effects for long-term periods. These changes were maintained without changes in body weight, HDL-cholesterol, or serum triglyceride values.…”

Section: Risk Factor Effectsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Health benefits of dietary fiber

Anderson¹,

Baird²,

Davis³

et al. 2009

Nutrition Reviews

1,756

1,087

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Dietary fiber intake provides many health benefits. However, average fiber intakes for US children and adults are less than half of the recommended levels. Individuals with high intakes of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in non‐diabetic and diabetic individuals. Fiber supplementation in obese individuals significantly enhances weight loss. Increased fiber intake benefits a number of gastrointestinal disorders including the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, constipation, and hemorrhoids. Prebiotic fibers appear to enhance immune function. Dietary fiber intake provides similar benefits for children as for adults. The recommended dietary fiber intakes for children and adults are 14 g/1000 kcal. More effective communication and consumer education is required to enhance fiber consumption from foods or supplements.

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Section: Cardiovascular Health and Fibermentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Risk Factor Effectsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Health benefits of dietary fiber

Anderson¹,

Baird²,

Davis³

et al. 2009

Nutrition Reviews

1,756

1,087

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1). Reasons for exclusion were use of a non-randomized approach to treatment allocation [11,12], lack of protocol-required data on blood pressure [13,14], absence of a concurrent control group [15][16][17][18], a difference between the intervention and control group other than fiber content [19], or recurrent publication of data already represented in this analysis [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials

Whelton

Hyre

Pedersen

et al. 2005

Journal of Hypertension

516

337

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Our results indicate that increased intake of dietary fiber may reduce BP in patients with hypertension and suggests a smaller, non-conclusive, reduction in normotensives. An intervention period of at least 8 weeks may be necessary to achieve the maximum reduction in BP. Our findings warrant conduct of additional clinical trials with a larger sample size and longer period of intervention to examine the effect of dietary fiber intake on BP.

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“…Several studies have shown that soluble dietary ®bres, for example plant gums (Anderson, 1985;Jenkins et al, 1979;Miettinen, 1987;Todd et al, 1990;Tuomilehto et al, 1988;Uusitupa et al, 1989) and oat bran Davidson et al, 1991;DemarkWahnefried et al, 1990;DeGroot et al, 1963;Van Horn et al, 1986;Van Horn et al, 1991;Judd & Truswell, 1981;Kestin et al, 1990;Kirby et al, 1981) lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels. The main soluble ®bre portion of oat bran is beta-glucan (A Ê hman et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

Uusitupa¹,

Miettinen

Sarkkinen³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective and subjects: Dietary ®bre has been suggested to interfere with endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Therefore the effects of oat bran on the proportions of cholesterol synthesis precursors (squalene, D 8 -cholestenol, desmosterol and lathosterol), cholestanol and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) to cholesterol were analysed in serum of 36 hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Design: A randomized study of eight weeks duration where beta-glucan-rich oat bran (n 20, subjects) or wheat bran (n 16) was used as a part of a cholesterol lowering diet. Plant sterols and cholesterol synthesis precursors were analysed from frozen samples afterward. Results: In the oat-bran group, but not in the wheat bran group, serum total cholesterol declined transiently. The proportions of plant sterols and cholestanol in serum, which re¯ect cholesterol absorption ef®ciency were unchanged. However, the proportions of squalene appeared to be transiently increased during the study. Subjects with apolipoprotein E 4 allele had higher serum campesterol and sitosterol levels (suggestive of ef®cient cholesterol absorption) than those with homozygous apolipoprotein E 3 allele. Conclusions: Since the cholesterol precursors in serum re¯ecting endogenous cholesterol synthesis remained almost unchanged the reduction in the serum cholesterol level by oat bran treatment can not be ascribed to an inhibition of the endogenous cholesterol synthesis.

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Long term treatment of severe hypercholesterolaemia with guar gum

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Health benefits of dietary fiber

Health benefits of dietary fiber

Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

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