Long-term Treatment of Renal Lithiasis With Potassium Citrate

Spivacow, Francisco Rodolfo; Negri, Armando; Polonsky, Ana; Valle, Elisa Elena del

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2010.02.029

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These include K‐cit, Na‐cit, MgK‐cit, Ca‐cit and KNa‐cit, and each has the potential to increase urinary citrate levels. Treatment with K‐cit also corrects some metabolic abnormalities, and is associated with a 91% stone recurrence‐free rate . KNa‐cit is also used to treat patients prone to developing CaOx and uric acid stones, and to correct metabolic abnormalities, such as hypocitraturia, urinary acidity and the ion activity product index of CaOx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment with K-cit also corrects some metabolic abnormalities, and is associated with a 91% stone recurrence-free rate. 15 KNa-cit is also used to treat patients prone to developing CaOx and uric acid stones, and to correct metabolic abnormalities, such as hypocitraturia, urinary acidity and the ion activity product index of CaOx. KNa-cit has also shown significant efficacy in altering urinary parameters, such as pH and citrate levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potassium‐sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone‐forming patients

et al. 2016

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Abbreviations & Acronyms BMI = body mass index Ca-cit = calcium citrate CaOx = calcium oxalate CaP = calcium phosphate CI = confidence interval CT = computed tomography DM = diabetes mellitus HL = hyperlipidemia HTN = hypertension HUA = hyperuricemia K-cit = potassium citrate KNa-cit = potassium-sodium citrate MgK-cit = magnesiumpotassium citrate Na-cit = sodium citrate NCCT = non-contrast computed tomography OR = odds ratio UA = hyperuricemia Objectives: To evaluate the effect of potassium-sodium citrate on the development of computed tomography-detected renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone-forming patients. Methods: Patients (aged 20-80 years) with history of calcium component stones who visited Nagoya City Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, between April 2009 and June 2014 were included. They were retrospectively divided into those who did not receive potassium-sodium citrate (non-citrate group, n = 157) and those who did (citrate group, n = 60). For patients in both groups, we evaluated blood and urine biochemistry and sediment, number of computed tomography-detected microcalculi, number of asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances, and pain events. Observations were made at study initiation and 12 months later. Results: The citrate group showed a significantly increased urine pH (P < 0.001) and daily citrate excretion (P < 0.001) over the study period. The non-citrate group showed increased numbers of microcalculi at study completion (P = 0.002); over the same period, the number of microcalculi in the citrate group decreased significantly (P = 0.03). Additionally, multivariable analysis showed more asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances (odds ratio 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.49-5.39) and fewer pain events (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.72) in the citrate group than in the non-citrate group. A sex-adjusted analysis showed more asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances (odds ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval 1.57-10.02) and fewer pain events (odds ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.70) in women than in men after citrate treatment. Conclusions: Potassium-sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone-forming individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium‐sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone‐forming patients

et al. 2016

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“…Citrate is an important inhibitory substance in the urinary tract that forms soluble complexes with calcium, reduces the saturation of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, and inhibits crystallization and kidney stone enlargement. Therefore, citrate decreases the formation of calcium-containing stones [37]. KCit has been demonstrated to be useful for controlling uric acid stones and calcareous stones by urinary alkalinization and by increasing urinary citrate, respectively [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Explanation of the Underlying Mechanisms for the In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Activity of Glechoma longituba

Liang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Purpose. To use in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate Glechoma longituba extract to provide scientific evidence for this extract's antiurolithic activity. Materials and Methods. Potassium citrate was used as a positive control group. Oxidative stress (OS) markers and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured to assess the protective effects of Glechoma longituba. Multiple urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in urine and serum. Kidneys were harvested for histological examination and the assessment of crystal deposits. Results. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that treatment with Glechoma longituba extract significantly decreased calcium oxalate- (CaOx-) induced OPN expression, KIM-1 expression, and OS compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, in vivo rats that received Glechoma longituba extract exhibited significantly decreased CaOx deposits and pathological alterations (P < 0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Significantly lower levels of oxalate, creatinine, and urea and increased citrate levels were observed among rats that received Glechoma longituba (P < 0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Conclusion. Glechoma longituba has antiurolithic effects due to its possible combined effects of increasing antioxidant levels, decreasing urinary stone-forming constituents and urolithiasis-related protein expression, and elevating urinary citrate levels.

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“… Citrate: one report concluded that the treatment with potassium citrate of metabolic abnormalities seen in patients with hypocitraturia, or "unduly acidic urine pH", corrected the abnormal values and was associated with a very high remission rate of stone disease [117].…”

Section: Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose Increases Uric Acid Contributing to Metabolic Syndrome - Herbal, Nutritional and Dietary Strategies to Reduce Uric Acid

McMullen¹

2018

obm icm

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Long-term Treatment of Renal Lithiasis With Potassium Citrate

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Potassium‐sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone‐forming patients

Potassium‐sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone‐forming patients

An Explanation of the Underlying Mechanisms for the In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Activity of Glechoma longituba

Fructose Increases Uric Acid Contributing to Metabolic Syndrome - Herbal, Nutritional and Dietary Strategies to Reduce Uric Acid

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