Long-term Survival Rates in Young Patients With Thyroid Carcinoma

Kowalski, Luiz Paulo; Filho, João Gonçalves; Pinto, Clóvis Antônio Lopes; Carvalho, André Lopes; Camargo, Beatriz de

doi:10.1001/archotol.129.7.746

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In multistep carcinogenesis, poor prognosis in the elderly is explained to be due to genomic damages accumulated in cancer cells after many years of proliferation, enabling cancer cells to acquire more aggressive characteristics. However, this hypothesis is not convincing since thyroid cancers in the young cause invasion or metastasis in a similar manner to those in the elderly [41]. Thyroid carcinomas in the young seem to be self-limiting, even though invasion or metastasis is observed frequently.…”

Section: Fetal Cell Carcinogenesis and Clinical Features Of Thyroid Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fetal cell carcinogenesis of the thyroid: A modified theory based on recent evidence [My Opinion]

Takano

2014

Endocr J

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Section: Fetal Cell Carcinogenesis and Clinical Features Of Thyroid Cmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fetal cell carcinogenesis of the thyroid: A modified theory based on recent evidence [My Opinion]

Takano

2014

Endocr J

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“…However, unlike PTC, FTC is prone to early hematogenous metastases, which occurs even in the absence of cervical node involvement (383,384). Despite that, conventional FTC has an excellent prognosis when diagnosed during childhood, and long-term survival is the norm (8,385,386).…”

Section: Recommendation Rating: C [E1] Follicular Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Francis

Waguespack

Bauer

et al. 2015

Thyroid

929

1,365

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Background: Previous guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules and cancers were geared toward adults. Compared with thyroid neoplasms in adults, however, those in the pediatric population exhibit differences in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and long-term outcomes. Furthermore, therapy that may be recommended for an adult may not be appropriate for a child who is at low risk for death but at higher risk for long-term harm from overly aggressive treatment. For these reasons, unique guidelines for children and adolescents with thyroid tumors are needed. Methods: A task force commissioned by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) developed a series of clinically relevant questions pertaining to the management of children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Using an extensive literature search, primarily focused on studies that included subjects £ 18 years of age, the task force identified and reviewed relevant articles through April 2014. Recommendations were made based upon scientific evidence and expert opinion and were graded using a modified schema from the United States Preventive Services Task Force. Results: These inaugural guidelines provide recommendations for the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents, including the role and interpretation of ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and the management of benign nodules. Recommendations for the evaluation, treatment, and follow-up of children and adolescents with DTC are outlined and include preoperative staging, surgical management, postoperative staging, the role of radioactive iodine therapy, and goals for thyrotropin suppression. Management algorithms are proposed and separate recommendations for papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are provided.

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“…Thyroid cancers in young patients grow rapidly and frequently accompany distant metastasis. Even in such cases, thyroid cancers in the young are associated with an excellent prognosis and, after appropriate therapies, no patient dies from cancer [27,28]. On the contrary, thyroid carcinomas in elderly patients with distant metastasis show a poorer prognosis, compared with those without it [29].…”

Section: Fig 2 Thyroid Cancers Detected In Autopsied Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history of thyroid cancer [Review]

Takano

2017

Endocr J

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Abstract. Thyroid cancers have long been considered to arise in middle age and, after their repeated proliferation, resulting in further damage to the genome, they progress to more aggressive and lethal cancers. However, in 2014, some studies were reported that might lead to a marked change in our understanding of the natural history of thyroid cancer. A high prevalence of papillary carcinoma in the young suggested that the first initiation of thyroid cancer is likely to occur in the infantile period. Such a conclusion was also supported by a very slow growth rate of papillary microcarcinomas (PMCs) in an observation trial. The proliferation rate of PMCs was negatively correlated with the age, and surgery to remove PMCs did not contribute to reduce mortality from thyroid cancer. These findings strongly suggested the existence of self-limiting cancers, which are truly malignant but do not progress to lethal cancers, for the first time in human history. The early detection of self-limiting cancers results in overdiagnosis. Ultrasonographic screening of the thyroid in the young should be avoided. Lethal thyroid cancers, whose origin is still unknown, appear suddenly after middle age. In the elderly, thyroid cancers are a mixture of self-limiting and lethal cancers; thus, when thyroid cancer is detected, careful follow-up with examination of its growth rate is required.

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Long-term Survival Rates in Young Patients With Thyroid Carcinoma

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Fetal cell carcinogenesis of the thyroid: A modified theory based on recent evidence [My Opinion]

Fetal cell carcinogenesis of the thyroid: A modified theory based on recent evidence [My Opinion]

Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Natural history of thyroid cancer [Review]

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