Long-Term Survival Analysis and Prognostic Factors of Arabic Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A 20-Year Observational Study at the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) Involving 528 Patients

Abstract

DTC accounts for the majority of endocrine tumors. While the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing globally over the past few decades, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally shows an excellent prognosis, except in cases with aggressive clinicopathological features. This study aimed to assess the 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 528 Arabic patients diagnosed with primary DTC from 1998 to 2021. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the impact of various factors on both OS and PFS. An univariable survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier curves. The 5- and 10-year OS for patients with DTC have exceeded 95%. Additionally, PFS showed very good rates (ranging between 96.5 and 85% at 5 and 10 years, respectively). Age, male gender, risk of recurrence, and distant metastasis were identified as the main negative prognostic factors for both OS and PFS, while RAI treatment was found to be a significant factor in improving OS. Moreover, adherence to the King Hussein Cancer Center’s (KHCC) CPG demonstrated significant improvement in PFS. These findings highlight common prognostic factors and favorable outcomes in Arabic patients with DTC treated at a tertiary cancer center using standard of care approaches.

Survival Trends in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Middle Eastern Perspective

“…In our cohort, pediatrics had shown to have a high incidence of metastatic disease (55% nodal metastasis and 14% distant metastasis). When compared to the adult Middle Eastern population of the same ethnicity, pediatrics have a much higher rate of disease events [43]. Despite the incidence of seven documented deaths, our analysis shows that the OS rate among pedDTC patients is still highly favorable.…”

Comparative analysis through propensity score matching in thyroid cancer: unveiling the impact of multiple malignancies

“…In addition, ethnic background is a significant determinant of susceptibility to certain diseases ( 55 ). Various societies exhibit varying rates of occurrence for specific types of neoplasms ( 14 ). For instance, the Japanese population experiences a notable prevalence of gastric cancer, while having a relatively low incidence of prostate cancer ( 65 ).…”

“…Treatment options for TC vary depending on the histology and extent of the disease, encompassing surgical intervention, radioactive iodine therapy, suppressive thyroid hormone therapy, and occasionally, external beam radiotherapy ( 11 ). Despite acknowledged ethnic variations, the prognosis for treated TC is favorable, with excellent overall survival (OS) rates ( 5 , 12 – 14 ).…”

“…It is worth noting that the majority of TC, around 95%, originates from the follicular epithelium, manifesting in PTC, FTC, and anaplastic variations ( 16 ). In numerous surveyed countries, the most prevalent subtype is PTC, accounting for 70% or more of cases ( 14 , 17 , 18 ). The prognosis is highly favorable for PTC and FTC, whereas other histologic subtypes demonstrate a poorer prognosis and limited therapeutic options ( 19 – 22 ).…”

Predictive Factors of Radioactive Iodine Therapy Refractoriness in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

“…4,5 On the other hand, black Americans tend to have worse overall survival rates compared with white Americans, 6 while Arabic patients experience DTC onset approximately 10 years earlier than the global population average. 5 Surgery, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy, and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy to eliminate any remaining normal thyroid tissue or thyroid micrometastases are the standard treatments for DTC. With an excellent 10-year overall survival rate of more than 90%, this multimodal therapy can produce positive results.…”