Long‐term Survey of 538 Patients With Upper Urinary Tract Stone1

Williams, R. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1963.tb11762.x

Cited by 188 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Williams [17] surveyed 538 patients with upper urinary tract stones on an average of 18.5 years; he demonstrated the incidence of recurrent stone formation in 80% for males and 60% for females, although these statistics did not con sider composition of calculi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-have a tendency to form stones frequently in the urinary tract, the recurrence rates of nonmetabolic stones, i.e., oxalate or phosphate stones, are also high. To date, a number of surveys on recurrence of urolithiasis after medical intervention have been reported [1,3,9,10,17]. However, not so many systematic studies on the recurrence rate of urinary calculi combined with stone analysis have appeared.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Observation on the Composition and Recurrence of Urinary Calculi

Takasaki¹

1975

Urol Int

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Seven hundred patients with 735 urinary calculi were studied for the compositions of calculi by infrared analysis and for stone recurrence. Of these 700 cases, 422 cases were possible to follow up, and 250 cases have had no further stone; 138 cases experienced recurring stones, and 34 cases had multiple stones. The length of follow-up period was 1–19 years averaging 8 years, 8 months. 41.2% of patients with calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate calculi had stones recurrently, and although there was some variation of recurrence rates for patients with various proportions of oxalate to phosphate in the calculi, it was impossible to predict the tendency of recurrence by these proportions. The stone recurrence was noted in 38.6% of patients with magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi, in 38.9% with mixed magnesium ammonium phosphate-calcium oxalate calculi, in 55.6% with uric acid calculi, and in 50% with cystine calculi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Observation on the Composition and Recurrence of Urinary Calculi

Takasaki¹

1975

Urol Int

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“…The ROKS nomogram provides such a clinical tool for helping physicians estimate the risk of symptomatic recurrence that is also applicable in the era of CT imaging. Instead of using the commonly cited 50% risk of recurrence at 10 years based on high-risk patients seen in urology clinics, 8,9,11,12 the nomogram can individualize the risk of symptomatic recurrence at 10 years for most patients (ranging from 12% for the lowest-risk quintile to 56% for the highest-risk quintile). Treatment decisions between patient and physician will be better informed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ROKS Nomogram for Predicting a Second Symptomatic Stone Episode

Rule¹,

Lieske²,

Li³

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

218

161

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Most patients with first-time kidney stones undergo limited evaluations, and few receive preventive therapy. A prediction tool for the risk of a second kidney stone episode is needed to optimize treatment strategies. We identified adult first-time symptomatic stone formers residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1984 to 2003 and manually reviewed their linked comprehensive medical records through the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Clinical characteristics in the medical record before or up to 90 days after the first stone episode were evaluated as predictors for symptomatic recurrence. A nomogram was developed from a multivariable model based on these characteristics. There were 2239 first-time adult kidney stone formers with evidence of a passed, obstructing, or infected stone causing pain or gross hematuria. Symptomatic recurrence occurred in 707 of these stone formers through 2012 (recurrence rates at 2, 5, 10, and 15 years were 11%, 20%, 31%, and 39%, respectively). A parsimonious model had the following risk factors for recurrence: younger age, male sex, white race, family history of stones, prior asymptomatic stone on imaging, prior suspected stone episode, gross hematuria, nonobstructing (asymptomatic) stone on imaging, symptomatic renal pelvic or lower-pole stone on imaging, no ureterovesicular junction stone on imaging, and uric acid stone composition. Ten-year recurrence rates varied from 12% to 56% between the first and fifth quintiles of nomogram score. The Recurrence of Kidney Stone nomogram identifies kidney stone formers at greatest risk for a second symptomatic episode. Such individuals may benefit from medical intervention and be good candidates for prevention trials.

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“…Data from the open lithotomy era reported recurrence rates of 35-69% after nephrolithotomy and 21-56% after pyelolithotomy [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Staghorn and Large Renal Calculimentioning

confidence: 99%