Long‐term suicide risk in no, one or more mental disorders: the Lundby Study 1947–1997

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate long‐term suicide risk in individuals with no, one or more mental disorders.MethodIn the Lundby Study, involving a total population of 3563 subjects, mental health and suicide risk were monitored over 54–64 years.ResultsThe long‐term suicide risk in subjects with no, one, or more mental disorders was 0.3%, 3.4% and 6.2% respectively. For individuals with only depression, the risk was 6.0%, only alcohol use disorder 4.7%, and only psychosis 3.1%. However, when individuals had additional disorders, the suicide risks were 6.6%, 9.4% and 10.4% respectively. Each diagnosis per se was significantly related to increased risk of suicide. Men had a higher suicide risk in depression than women. Men who had alcohol use disorder in addition to depression showed a very high risk of suicide, 16.2%.ConclusionLong‐term suicide risk was increased for depression, alcohol use disorder, and psychosis per se. For the latter two the diagnosis alone there may be a lower risk than previously estimated when there is no additional diagnosis. In men, depression in addition to alcohol use disorder should be treated vigorously in the work to prevent suicide.

An Emergency Department‐Initiated Intervention to Lower Relapse Risk after Attempted Suicide

“…The effect estimates remained almost unchanged across the different univariate and multivariate models, suggesting an elevated robustness. The studied location, a catchment area with universal health coverage, combines different city districts and rural areas, including a wide range of ages, nationalities, and socioeconomical contexts (Hortas & Onrubia, 2017). In addition to the mentioned coincidence with previous results from other places and health systems, the heterogeneity of patient profiles and social contexts included provides grounds for our results to be considered widely generalizable, especially to settings with universal medical coverage.…”

“…As an addition, our study offers updated information on several clinical and sociodemographical risk factors for suicide and suicide attempts. As previously published in studies from a variety of international locations, female gender, previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders, and drug or alcohol abuse carried higher risk (Beghi, Rosenbaum, Cerri, & Cornaggia, ; Christiansen & Jensen, ; Holmstrand et al., ). A recent cohort study, conducted in Barcelona, Spain, found an increased risk in younger groups (Parra‐Uribe et al., ), a finding that was absent in our study.…”

“…Main risk factors for accomplished suicide interact in complex hierarchical networks (O'Connor & Nock, ; Van Heeringen & Mann, ). Mental disorders are considered among the strongest predictors (Holmstrand, Bogren, Mattison, & Bradvik, ). For instance, suicide is 20 times more likely if a previous diagnosis of major depression is present.…”

Mental disorders and suicide risk in emerging adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort

“…The answer options were: no impairment (0), mild impairment (1), moderate impairment (2), or severe impairment (3). Considering the threshold for defining impairment is subjective and personal, as a conservative approach we considered impairment if the individual reported the condition caused moderate or severe impairment, as already adopted by other authors 6 .…”

“…Poor mental health in youth is strongly related to other health and development problems (i.e. lower educational achievement, substance abuse, violence and poor reproductive and sexual health) 5 , as well as higher risk of suicide 6,7 . During mid-adolescence and emerging adulthood (15-29 years) suicide represents the second leading cause of death in the world, and the fourth in Brazil 8,9 , and about 75% of the suicide deaths in the world occur in low-and middle-income countries 4 .…”