Long-term steam conditioning is needed to maximize the nutritional value of expander-processed soybean expellers

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and the concentration of metabolizable energy (ME) in non-heat-treated and heat-treated soybean expellers (L-0, L-12, and L-48). L-0 underwent short-term steam conditioning for 60 s, whereas L-12 and L-48 underwent short-term steam conditioning for 60 s and long-term steam conditioning for 12 or 48 min. All heat-treated soybean expellers were expander processed. In experiment 1, 10 ileal-cannulated barrows (54.22 ± 4.54 kg) were allotted to a replicated 5 × 4 Youden square design with eight replicate pigs per diet. Each source of soybean expellers was included in one diet, and a nitrogen-free diet was also used. Results indicated that the SID of AA in non-heat-treated soybean expellers was less (P < 0.01) than in heat-treated soybean expellers. In experiment 2, 40 barrows (17.52 ± 1.63 kg) housed in metabolism crates were allotted to a corn-based diet or four corn–soybean expellers diets. Feces and urine were collected with 5 d adaptation and 4 d collection periods. The ME in non-heat-treated soybean expellers was less (P < 0.01) compared with L-0, L-12, or L-48. In conclusion, the SID of AA and the ME in heat-treated soybean expellers were greater than in non-heat-treated soybean expellers.

Effects of expeller soybean on growth performance, amino acid digestibility and intestinal integrity

“…In addition, the undercooked SBM may contain anti-nutritional factors other than TI, such lectins, phytic acid, and biogenic amines which can interfere with nutrient absorption and utilization in the digestive tract. These anti-nutritional factors can decrease the digestible energy, leading to reduced nutrient availability for growth and development ( Espinosa et al, 2021 ). Additionally, changes in the intestinal microflora of broilers by protein fermentation and protein derived metabolites ( Apajalahti and Vienola, 2016 ) may also contribute to the reduction in bird performance early in the bird's life.…”