Long-term stability of Pt/Ce0.8Me0.2O2-γ/Al2O3 (Me = Gd, Nb, Pr, and Zr) catalysts for steam reforming of methane

Methane steam reforming over Ni/YSZ cermet anode materials synthesized by different methods

“…[50][51][52][53][54][55] A number of investigations have shown that the rate of carbon formation is largely dependent on the chemical composition of the catalyst as well as its preparation procedure. 15,[56][57][58] Coke formation on metals is considerably more complex. In studies of coke formation on nickel, the reaction sequence has been suggested to involve hydrocarbons adsorbing on the surface of nickel and undergoing reactions to produce carbon atoms.…”

Catalytic Biomass Gasification in Supercritical Water and Product Gas Upgrading

“…However, almost complete CH 4 conversion at the lower applied temperature range was given by the two bimetallic catalysts that contained noble metals, the Ni-Pt and Ni-Pd. Pt has been used lately as active metal in Pt(1wt %)/ Ce 0.8 Me 0.2 O 2 /Al 2 O 3 (with Me being Gd, Nb, Pr and Zr) catalysts for SMR at 800 °C, different gas hourly space velocities (GHSVs) and at 400 h TOS [110]. The primary cause of deactivation seemed to be the sintering of active metal and the most active and stable catalyst was the one with Nb in its support (Tab.…”

Smart Designs of Zeolite-Based Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Methane: A Review

“…But it requires high energy to generate steam, and the catalyst suffers from sulfur poisoning. 28 POM may not be affected by the sulfur impurities, and a lower amount of energy is needed due to the exothermic nature. Meanwhile, a high operation pressure is unnecessary so as to save more energy input and prolong the equipment lifetime.…”

“…In particular, after a downstream processing (such as membrane separation or Fischer–Tropsch synthesis), pure H 2 and other value-added products could be formed. − The reactions to generate syngas mainly include reforming of natural gases and tars. − Among the various natural gas and tar molecules, CH 4 is featured with the high content of hydrogen, easy production, and large abundance, widely used as the raw feed in reforming reactions (Figure ), like steam reforming of methane (SRM), − dry reforming of methane (DRM), − and partial oxidation of methane (POM). − Therein, the SRM process is an industrially mature process and featured with a H 2 -rich syngas production; the downstream purification step can also be reduced due to the simultaneous Water–Gas Shift Reaction. − As the main products, the H 2 -abundant fuel stream suits the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, which are more efficient than combustion engines. But it requires high energy to generate steam, and the catalyst suffers from sulfur poisoning . POM may not be affected by the sulfur impurities, and a lower amount of energy is needed due to the exothermic nature.…”