Long-term spruce forest continuity – a challenge for a sustainable Scandinavian forestry

Ohlson, Mikael; Tryterud, Elling

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00053-5

Cited by 64 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the relations of forest site type, tree species composition and fi re frequency are still largely unresolved (cf. Zackrisson 1977, Engelmark 1987, Lehtonen 1997, Pitkänen 1999, Niklasson and Granström 2000 and the extent and characteristics of the fi re refugia in natural forest landscapes are not known (Vanha-Majamaa 1998, Ohlsson andTryterud 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest age distribution and traces of past fires in a natural boreal landscape dominated by Picea abies

Wallenius¹

2002

Silva Fenn.

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Forest age distribution and occurrence of traces of past fi res was studied in a natural Picea abies -dominated landscape in the Onega peninsula in north-west Russia. Forest age (maximum tree age) was determined and charcoal and fi re scars were searched for in 43 randomly located study plots. In 70% of the study plots (30/43) trees older than 200 years existed. The largest 50-year age class consisted of plots with 251-300 year old forests. Traces of fi res were found in all types of study plots, in forests on mineral soil as well as on peatlands. However, fi re has been a rare disturbance factor, as traces of fi res could not be found in 35% of the study plots (15/43). Estimated from the forest age class distribution, the fi re rotation time for the whole area has been at least 300 years, but possibly considerably longer. This fi re rotation time is much longer than fi re history studies (largely based on examination of fi re scars) commonly have reported for the average time between successive fi res in Fennoscandia and Northwest Russia. The results suggest that the often stated generalisations about the importance and natural frequency of fi re disturbance in boreal forests do not apply in landscapes dominated by Picea abies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest age distribution and traces of past fires in a natural boreal landscape dominated by Picea abies

Wallenius¹

2002

Silva Fenn.

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“…Oluline on ka säilitada puistu looduslikule struktuurile iseloomulik vanuseline ja diameetriline mitmekesisus ning ruumiline heterogeensus (Lähde et al, 1999;Ohlson & Tryterud, 1999). On pakutud, et uuritud viljakates kasvukohatüüpides võiks inimese intensiivse vahelesegamiseta leht-ja segametsades eeldada väikeseskaalalise häiludünaamika olulist mõju rohurinde kooslusele.…”

Section: Aruteluunclassified

Factors influencing the species composition and richness of herb layer in old boreo-nemoral forests

Sepp

Liira

2009

Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused

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Abstract. We aimed to study the composition of herb layer in old Estonian boreonemoral forests (Aegopodium and Hepatica forest site-types) and estimate factors that influence the vegetation. Besides forest management and other anthropogenic disturbances, stand age, geographic location and tree species composition were analysed as potential driving factors. We surveyed 169 forests, mostly as a contrasting pair of intensively managed and possibly near-natural forest within each sub-region of a forest site-type. Later, for analyses, we reclassified forests into three groups by weighted summing of the observed signs of disturbances. Analyses revealed the distinction in herb layer composition among forest site-types and dominant-tree species. Geographic location of a stand also appeared to affect the understorey, while stand age had no statistically significant impact on herb layer in old and over-matured forests. We did not detect explicitly the direct effect of forest management and disturbances on herb layer composition and diversity. However, indirectly, only in Hepatica site-type, the management increased herb layer species richness and the proportion of graminoids, by providing more light via reduced closure of a stand. Species characteristic of managed stands were mostly light-demanding, dry soil tolerant and apophytic species. Undisturbed stands were characterized by presence of nemoral and vernal herbs that typically grow in broad-leaved or mixed stands. Consequently, the dominance of conifers in managed forest, can limit the growth of characteristic species of boreonemoral forest site-types. Therefore, to improve the state of plant diversity in boreo-nemoral forests, tree species diversity and small-sized gap-initiation should be supported.Key words: forest biodiversity, boreonemoral forest, DCA, herb layer, forest management, species richness, indicator species analysis.Authors' address: Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai St. 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia, *e-mail: jaan.liira@ut.ee SissejuhatusLooduslike ja inimhäiringutega metsades kaasnevad, sõltuvalt metsatüübist, erineva pindalaga, sageduse ja avaldumise tugevusega keskkonnatingimuste muutused, mis mõjutavad koosluse liigilist koosseisu, struktuuri ja dünaamikat, ja seda nii puistu kui metsamaastiku tasandil (Runkle, 1985;Niemelä, 1999;Kuuluvainen, 2002). Ajalooliselt, pärast atlantilise perioodi (6000-3000 a. e.m.a.) lõppu on laialehiste puuliikide levikuala viljaka mullaga aladel vähendanud nii klimaatilised tegurid kui inimtegevus (Laasimer, 1965;Saarse & Veski, 2005). Intensiivne metsamajandus on loodusliku metsa osakaalu vähendanud nii Eestis kui mujal. Kaasaegsetes metsamaastikes on metsade majandamine domineerivaks, ruumilist struktuuri ja Forestry Studies|Metsanduslikud Uurimused 50, 23-

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“…Humus layers deeper than 20 cm are common in boreal Scandinavia and 6% of 15,000 Swedish plots had humus layers deeper than 60 cm [1]. If not interrupted by fire or massive storm felling, net accumulation of humus can go on for millennia [2]. As an extreme case, a 1.4 m thick humus layer was reported on a small island in northern Sweden, with a bottom age of nearly 3000 years [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Litter to Humus in a Norwegian Spruce Forest: Long-Term Studies on the Decomposition of Needles and Cones

Hågvar

2016

Forests

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Abstract:The aim of this review and synthesis is to illustrate the gradual transformation of needles and cones from litter to humus. Individual needles may follow quite different decomposition pathways, which contributes to a diverse humus structure. In the litter layer (Oi), about 40% of the needles were excavated by special mites that produced slowly decomposable excrements. In the fermentation layer (Oe), needles which happened to be in close contact with fine roots decomposed more rapidly. Cones decomposed slower than needles during the first 3-5 years, so the role of cones in carbon (C) storage may be greater than indicated by their fraction of fresh litter. Over a 13 years period, potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) in cones was released, while the total amount of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) increased strongly. Nitrogen concentration increased but the total nitrogen content remained rather constant. After 13 years, the cones had sunk about 6 cm into the soil and lost 60% of their dry weight but were morphologically intact. A cone monitored for 28 years was fully recognizable and had not yet reached the stable Oa layer. The most inert decomposition products in the Oa layer were fragments of needles and cone scales, microarthropod excrements and chitinous insect remains.

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Long-term spruce forest continuity – a challenge for a sustainable Scandinavian forestry

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

Forest age distribution and traces of past fires in a natural boreal landscape dominated by Picea abies

Forest age distribution and traces of past fires in a natural boreal landscape dominated by Picea abies

Factors influencing the species composition and richness of herb layer in old boreo-nemoral forests

From Litter to Humus in a Norwegian Spruce Forest: Long-Term Studies on the Decomposition of Needles and Cones

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