Long-term somatic embryogenesis in olive (Olea europaea L.): Influence on regeneration capability and quality of regenerated plants

Somaclonal Variation During Picea abies and P. omorika Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation

“…Our results are consistent with the opinion that the cultivation period and conditions in which somatic embryos mature are likely the factors inducing somaclonal variations (Evans and Sharp, 1988;NawrotChorabik, 2009;Dey et al, 2015). Long-term maintenance of embryogenic cultures in vitro was indicated as a possible factor of detected somaclonal variation in olive Bradai et al, 2016).…”

“…Other studies also indicated genotypedependent occurrence of somaclonal variation (Marum et al, 2009, Salaj et al, 2011. A recent study of Bradai et al (2016) on somaclonal variation in olive plants revealed clear relationship between genotype and susceptibility to the morphological and physiological alternations of regenerated plants. It is known that the genetic make-up plays an important role in tolerance to different kinds of stress, including this induced with the SE procedure and so some genotypes may be less stable under conditions of tissue cultures (Karp, 1994).…”

“…The risk of somaclonal changes to the genome of the propagated material is especially increased during SE, when the plant material is maintained in the form of callus (embryogenic tissue), which is particularly sensitive to such changes (Kunakh, 1999). Some results have shown that various changes at the morphological, biochemical, genetic and epigenetic levels appear not only during in vitro propagation (Bairu et al, 2011;Etienne and Bertrand, 2003;Peredo et al, 2006, Bradai et al, 2016, but also after cryopreservation, probably because of the routine use of factors with mutagenic effects, for example DMSO (Aronen et al, 1999). Genotypic instability during SE or storage in LN may have a significant influence on the quality of the material, i.e., clonal individuals obtained via tissue culture.…”

“…Since both these processes may induce somaclonal variation (Sarmast, 2016), their influence needs to be evaluated and the obtained results might guide the improvement of propagation protocols. Also, our previous investigations were limited only to a single genotype which precludes any general concluding with regard to the intrinsic factors of somaclonal variation, i.e., genotypespecific propensity to mutate which is also a highly discussed issue in terms of somaclonal variability (Sahijram et al, 2003;Marum et al, 2009, Salaj et al, 2011, Bradai et al, 2016. In this work we wanted to asses if the prolonged time of in vitro proliferation and storage in LN affects the genetic integrity of genomes of two spruce species, P. abies and P. omorika.…”

Indirect somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of Fraxinus mandshurica plants via callus tissue

“…The degree of browning could be reduced by shortening the subculture period, or by adding anti-browning agents such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (data not shown). In olive (Olea europaea) callus, as the length of time between subculture extended, the embryo quality decreased (Bradaï et al 2016). Similarly, the callus quality began to decrease after 9-year subculture, but some cell lines remained embryogenic after 20 years of subculture in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)…”