Long‐Term Soil Changes from Forest Harvesting and Residue Management in the Northern Rocky Mountains

Abstract

Core Ideas Long‐term (38 yr) soil changes after woody residue management were evaluated. There were no differences in soil physical and chemical properties. Differences in extractable cation pools may be due to different vegetation litter inputs. Soil changes associated with forest harvesting, differing utilization levels, and post‐harvest prescribed burning were determined using an empirical study to investigate the long‐term impacts on soil physical and chemical properties at Coram Experimental Forest in northwestern Montana. In 1974, two replications of three regeneration cuttings (shelterwood, group selection, and clearcut) were installed. In addition, four residue management regimes (high utilization with no burning, medium with no burning, medium with broadcast burning, and low with broadcast burning) were implemented (∼74, 63, 65, and 54% wood removal, respectively). Thirty‐eight years after harvesting, changes were evaluated in mineral soil and forest floor physical and chemical properties (organic matter [OM], C, N, Ca, K, and Mg pools, soil bulk density, and pH) and in coarse woody debris levels. There were no differences in soil pH and bulk density across all regeneration cuttings and residue treatments, probably due to the minimal soil effects associated with the forest harvesting operations that were used (hand felling and cable yarding). Comparisons between harvest and burning and the control indicate no statistical differences in OM, C, and N contents. Minor differences in extractable cation pools were noted in several comparisons among the treatments; these may be attributed to litter inputs from the differing vegetation compositions of overstory and shrub layers rather than nutrient changes within the mineral soil itself. At this moist‐cool forest, intensive biomass utilization, with or without broadcast burning, had few long‐term impacts on soil properties of soil C, OM, and nutrients.

Effects of Thinning on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Soil Properties in Cunninghamia lanceolata Stands in Eastern China

“…Other studies have found that thinning has little effect on soil physical and chemical properties at Coram Experimental Forest in northwestern Montana [25]. In fact, soil nutrients can be removed when trees are thinned from the stand [9].…”

Mid-term Impacts of Silvicultural Treatments on Soils and Understory Plant Diversity in Temperate Hardwood Forests of Quebec, Canada.

“…However, we found site location to explain more of the variation in soil properties than did silvicultural treatments, which has been observed in other studies (e.g., Heuvelink and Webster 2001;Nave et al 2010). Indeed, soil properties are largely in uenced by natural inter-site variability in surface deposits, and biotic and abiotic conditions that are associated with regional and local variation in climate and microclimate, together with vegetation type, and the phenological and phenotypic characteristics of the most abundant species (Walmsley et al 2009;Jang et al 2016).…”

Soil Carbon

“…Nave and others (2010) reported an 8% average reduction in SOC stocks after harvesting over all forest and soil types studied. Even whole-tree harvesting (but leaving roots in the soil) for biomass production may have little longterm effect on mineral SOC stocks if O horizons are left undisturbed (Jang et al 2016;Powers et al 2005). In general, postharvest reductions in SOC have been shown to occur as a result of soil disturbance during harvesting and site preparation (Achat et al 2015a, b;James and Harrison 2016).…”