Long Term Sodium Nitrate Administration Positively Impacts Metabolic and Obesity Indices in Ovariectomized Rats

Effect of long-term inorganic nitrate administration on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovariectomized rats

“…In the current study, in addition to the increase in body weight, serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol decreased, while those of LH and FSH increased at month 0 (2 months after ovariectomy and before nitrate intervention), confirming the successful establishment of the OVX model ( Yousefzadeh et al, 2020 ). The body weight-lowering effect of nitrate in OVX rats is attributed to its ability to mitigate OVX-induced adiposity ( Yousefzadeh et al, 2022c ), as evidenced by reduced adipocyte size and increased levels of brown adipose tissue ( Yousefzadeh et al, 2022c ; Yousefzadeh and Jeddi, 2022 ).…”

“…First, previous studies have shown that long-term periods (>6 months) are needed to observe the adverse effects of ovariectomy on heart function ( Shinmura et al, 2008 ; Tang et al, 2016 ; Yousefzadeh et al, 2022a ). Second, long-term administration is necessary to observe the potential protective effects of nitrates in OVX rats, including glucose-lowering and anti-osteoporotic effects, as indicated by previous studies ( Yousefzadeh et al, 2022b ; Yousefzadeh et al, 2022c ). At the end of the intervention, both groups were further subdivided into two subgroups ( n = 7/subgroup), with the hearts of one subgroup subjected to IR (IR + hearts) and the other subgroup left untreated (IR − hearts).…”

“…Following the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), to minimize the number of rats used in the study, isolated hearts and serum were obtained from an earlier study in which we reported that long-term nitrate administration improved carbohydrate metabolism in OVX rats ( Yousefzadeh et al, 2022c ). The present study focused on the effect of nitrate administration on myocardial IR injury in OVX rats.…”

“…Details on the measurement of serum and tissue oxidative stress indices, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, have been previously reported ( Yousefzadeh et al, 2022b ). In brief, TAC was measured by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, which involves incubating the sample with a ferric-tripyridyltriazine complex and measuring the reduction of the complex to the ferrous form.…”

Neuroprotective effects of nuciferine on high‐fat diet‐induced cognitive dysfunction in obese mice: Role of insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress

“…The doses of nuciferine were selected based on previous studies (Choi et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2013; Jin et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2021). Lee's index was calculated (Yousefzadeh et al., 2022). The experiment was approved by the Animal Committee of Shandong Agricultural University (SDAUA‐2023‐103).…”