Long-term snow disasters during 1982–2012 in the Tibetan Plateau using satellite data

Yin, Hang; Cao, Chunxiang; Xu, Min; Chen, Wei; Ni, Xiliang; Chen, Xuejuan

doi:10.1080/19475705.2016.1238851

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Wintertime extreme precipitation events over the SETP region are frequently accompanied by severe snow disasters. Based on satellite analyses of snow depth and duration, Yin et al () classified snow disasters over the TP during 1982–2012 into four levels: light, moderate, severe, and extremely severe. They further pointed out that “extremely severe” snow disasters occurred nearly every year over most of the middle and eastern TP, including the SETP region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They further pointed out that “extremely severe” snow disasters occurred nearly every year over most of the middle and eastern TP, including the SETP region. Extremely severe snow disasters in the SETP region adversely affect both living conditions and economic activity through the occurrence of extremely low temperatures, along with disruptions to travel, damage to housing and other infrastructure, reduced access to forage, and loss of livestock (Liu et al, ; Ma et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wei et al, ; Yin et al, ). For example, an extreme snow storm that hit the SETP region on 21 February 2016 affected a population of more than 60,000 and 2,600 hectares of cropland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Formation Mechanism for Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events Over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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The formation mechanism for wintertime extreme precipitation events over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) is explored. The crucial step in the development of these events was the emergence of a cyclonic anomaly above the Tibetan Plateau. Wave activity fluxes along a Rossby wave train embedded in the subtropical jet stream (i.e., the circumglobal teleconnection) played the dominant role in producing this cyclonic anomaly, supported by weaker wave activity fluxes along a second Rossby wave train originating over Scandinavia. The cyclonic anomaly then moved over the SETP, favored strong updrafts, large‐scale moisture convergence, and intense precipitation. Extreme precipitation was more likely to ensue when the arrival of the cyclonic anomaly was preceded by persistent warm anomalies over the SETP, which favored moisture accumulation there. Temperatures above the SETP dropped sharply around the onset of the extreme precipitation. A heat budget analysis indicates that adiabatic cooling associated with convective ascent along the downstream edge of the cyclone played a leading role in this temperature drop, while a cold air intrusion associated with an anticyclonic anomaly over western Siberia (one center of action along the second wave train) played a complementary role. An Eulerian moisture budget analysis shows that variations in precipitable water delayed the onset and enhanced the intensity of these events, with moisture for precipitation delivered to the SETP mainly through the western and southern boundaries. A companion Lagrangian moisture source analysis reveals that the land areas south of the Tibetan Plateau typically contributed 78.7% of the moisture supply for these events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Formation Mechanism for Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events Over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2018

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“…The Tibetan Plateau is one of the three primary snowfall regions in China (Yin et al, 2017;Qin et al, 2015). On average, the snow cover can attain 0.61 × 10 6 km 2 in the winter season (Duo et al, 2014) and persist for over 240 days (Basang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to threats from livestock snow disasters, great efforts have been devoted to understanding their mechanism as a complicated interaction between precipitation, vegetation, livestock, and herding communities (Nandintsetseg et al, 2018;Shang et al, 2012;Sternberg, 2017); the major drivers of (socioeconomic) vulnerability (Fernández-Giménez et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014;Wei et al, 2017;Yeh et al, 2014); and key factors that could foster adaptive capacity and community resilience (Dong and Sherman, 2015;Fernández-Giménez et al, 2015). Attempts have been made to develop techniques, such as snow disaster monitoring, forecasting, and rapid assessment, to provide critical information for prevention and addressing emergencies (W. Yin et al, 2017). Quantitative analyses have also been conducted to derive the relationship between livestock loss, snow hazard, and various environmental stressors (Li et al, 2018;Mukund Palat et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event-based probabilistic risk assessment of livestock snow disasters in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Liu

et al. 2019

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Understanding risk using quantitative risk assessment offers critical information for risk-informed reduction actions, investing in building resilience, and planning for adaptation. This study develops an event-based probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) model for livestock snow disasters in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) region and derives risk assessment results based on historical climate conditions (1980–2015) and present-day prevention capacity. In the model, a hazard module was developed to identify and simulate individual snow disaster events based on boosted regression trees. By combining a fitted quantitative vulnerability function and exposure derived from vegetation type and grassland carrying capacity, we estimated risk metrics based on livestock mortality and mortality rate. In our results, high-risk regions include the Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tanggula Range, Bayankhar Mountains and the region between the Kailas Range and the neighbouring Himalayas. In these regions, annual livestock mortality rates were estimated as >2 % and mortality was estimated as >2 sheep unit km−1 at a return period of 20 years. Prefectures identified with extremely high risk include Guoluo in Qinghai Province and Naqu, and Shigatse in the Tibet Autonomous Region. In these prefectures, a snow disaster event with a return period of 20 years or higher can easily claim total losses of more than 500 000 sheep units. Our event-based PRA results provide a quantitative reference for preparedness and insurance solutions in reducing mortality risk. The methodology developed here can be further adapted to future climate change risk analyses and provide important information for planning climate change adaption in the QTP region.

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“…In order to quantify the combined effects of the compound meteorological hazards in both space and time, a range of assessment methods have been developed, such as Bayesian networks and information diffusion theory [27,28], as well as some numerical and statistical analysis methods [29]. It should be noted that the standing studies about natural hazards over the QTP mainly focus on the mechanisms behind an individual hazard [30][31][32][33]. Therefore, an integrated assessment of multiple hazards and their potential risks are of great significance for disaster reduction and climate risk management in the coming decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Assessments of Meteorological Hazards across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

Sun

Zhang

Xu³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Recent decades have witnessed accelerated climate changes across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and elevated socioeconomic exposure to meteorological hazards. The QTP is called the “the third pole”, exerting remarkable impact on environmental changes in its surrounding regions. While few reports are available for addressing multi-hazard risks over the QTP, we develop an integrated indicator system involving multiple meteorological hazards, i.e., droughts, rainstorms, snowstorms and hailstorms, investigating the spatiotemporal patterns of major hazards over the QTP. The hazard zones of droughts and rainstorms are identified in the southern Gangdise Mountains, the South Tibet Valley, the eastern Nyenchen-Tanglha Mountains, the Hengduan Mountains and West Sichuan Basin. Snowstorm hazard zones distribute in the Himalayas, the Bayan Har Mountains and the central Nyenchen-Tanglha Mountains, while hailstorm hazard zones cluster in central part of the QTP. Since the 21st century, intensified rainstorms are detectable in the densely populated cities of Xining and Lhasa and their adjacent areas, while amplified droughts are observed in grain production areas of the South Tibet Valley and the Hengduan Mountains. Snowstorm hazards show large interannual variations and an increase in pastoral areas, although the overall trend is declining slightly. The frequency of hailstorms gradually decreases in human settlements due to thermal and landscape effects. Mapping meteorological hazards regionalization could help to understand climate risks in the QTP, and provide scientific reference for human adaptation to climate changes in highly sensitive areas.

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Long-term snow disasters during 1982–2012 in the Tibetan Plateau using satellite data

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

On the Formation Mechanism for Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events Over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

On the Formation Mechanism for Wintertime Extreme Precipitation Events Over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Event-based probabilistic risk assessment of livestock snow disasters in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Integrated Assessments of Meteorological Hazards across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

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