Long term silent carriers of Streptococcus equi ssp. equi following strangles; carrier detection related to sampling site of collection and culture versus qPCR

Pringle, John; Venner, Monica; Tscheschlok, Lisa; Bächi, L.; Riihimäki, Miia

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.003

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study J. Pringle and colleagues in Sweden and Germany reported on long‐term silent carriers of Streptococcus equi ssp . equi ( S. equi ) following strangles .…”

Section: Silent Carriers Of S Equi Ssp Equi After Stranglesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Wright¹

2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…In this study J. Pringle and colleagues in Sweden and Germany reported on long‐term silent carriers of Streptococcus equi ssp . equi ( S. equi ) following strangles .…”

Section: Silent Carriers Of S Equi Ssp Equi After Stranglesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Wright¹

2019

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Two horses were euthanized at the onset of the outbreak because of the development of clinical signs of strangles in combination with advanced age and poor dentition. The remaining 41 horses (mean age, 16.0 ± SD 6.6 years), including 32 geldings and 9 mares, were followed prospectively clinically, serologically and by upper respiratory microbiology from acute illness through clinical recovery as part of a larger study on the development of silent carriers . All horses were S. equi positive by culture, qPCR positive, or both during the acute phase (first 7 weeks after the index case) and all but 1 horse had an episode of fever during that time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of penicillin treatment of horses with strangles on seropositivity toStreptococcus equissp.equi‐specific antibodies

Pringle

Storm

Waller

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Antibiotic treatment of horses with strangles is reported to impair the development of immunity to subsequent exposure to Streptococcus equi ssp equi (S. equi). However, apart from a single clinical report, evidence-based studies for this hypothesis are lacking.Hypothesis/Objective: To determine whether penicillin treatment during clinical strangles influences the development or persistence of seropositivity to S. equispecific antibodies.Animals: A natural outbreak of strangles with 100% morbidity in 41 unvaccinated mature Icelandic horses.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of acute clinical strangles from onset through full recovery approximately 10 months after the index case. Horses were monitored clinically 6 times for S. equi, as well as serologically for antibodies to antigens A and C of S. equi using an enhanced indirect ELISA. Seven horses received penicillin within 11 days of onset of fever (Group 1), 5 between 16 and 22 days after onset of fever (Group 2), and the remainder (Group 3, n = 29) received no antibiotics during clinical disease. The proportions of seropositive horses in each group were compared using an extension of Fisher's exact test with P < .05 as the level of significance.

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“…Visual appearance of the guttural pouches was graded by experienced endoscopists blinded to carrier status. 5 Scoring was based on summation of grades from both guttural pouches, with 0 for no abnormalities, 1 if there was any trace of cloudy mucous in either guttural pouch, and 2 for presence of moderate to marked purulence, chondroid formation or visible remnants of scarring in the ventral aspect of the guttural pouch, providing a theoretical maximal grade of 6 ( Table 1). Table 1.…”

Section: Timing Of Carrier State Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Guidelines for detection of S. equi in carriers, either by culture or detection of bacterial DNA by qPCR, have been described 2 consisting of either nasopharyngeal washes and/ or guttural pouch endoscopy and lavage. 5 Ideally, in unvaccinated populations incorporation of the recently developed combined iELISA to identify animals that have been exposed to S. equi, followed with targeted testing by qPCR for those animals which may still harbor S. equi is advised to optimize within herd biosecurity measures. 2 However, for many countries such early intervention is not applied widely, with uniform diagnostic testing lacking in most strangles outbreaks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of long term silent carriers of Streptococcus equi ssp. equi in horses

Pringle

Venner²,

Tscheschlok³

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Difficulty in detection of silent carriers of Streptococcus equi is a key reason for its continued spread to immunologically naïve groups of horses. Objective: To determine whether clinical examination, markers of inflammation, or serology differentiate silent carriers of S. equi in recovered comingled horses. Animals: Ninety-eight warmblood yearlings and 72 unaffected mares on a large breeding farm (outbreak A), 38 mature Icelandic horses at a riding stable (outbreak B), and 27 mixed breed horses at a boarding stable (outbreak C). Methods: Prospective observational study 6 months to 2 years after strangles outbreaks. Carriers were defined as any animal positive on culture or qPCR to S. equi from nasopharyngeal lavage or guttural pouch endoscopy and lavage. Most horses had complete physical exams and 1 group included evaluation of white blood cell counts and serum amyloid A. Sera from all horses was tested for antibodies to antigens A and C of S. equi using an enhanced indirect ELISA. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Data were compared using paired t tests, Wilcoxon ranked test, chi square, or the Fishers exact test. Significance was set at P < .05.

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Long term silent carriers of Streptococcus equi ssp. equi following strangles; carrier detection related to sampling site of collection and culture versus qPCR

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers

Influence of penicillin treatment of horses with strangles on seropositivity toStreptococcus equissp.equi‐specific antibodies

Markers of long term silent carriers of Streptococcus equi ssp. equi in horses

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