Long-Term Rice and Green Manure Rotation Alters the Endophytic Bacterial Communities of the Rice Root

Abstract

This study focuses on the effects of long-term rice rotated with milk vetch being as green manure on the composition of bacteria in rice roots. The endophytic bacterial communities in rice roots of the rice-rice-milk vetch (R-R-MV) and the rice-rice-winter fallow (R-R-WF) crop rotations with a 28-year research history were investigated using combined culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. It was found that the endophytic bacterial population in rice roots with the green manure was significantly higher than that of without it. There were 169 and 77 strains of endophytic bacteria that were isolated from rice roots of the R-R-MV and the R-R-WF, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene analysis shows that the 77 R-R-WF bacteria belong to 15 species of 14 genera while the other 169 R-R-MV bacteria belong to 21 species of 19 genera, in which Herbaspirillum and Cedecea were two mutually dominant populations and Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Pantoea accounted for large proportions of the endophytic bacteria in rice roots through R-R-MV rotation. The analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries showed that the Shannon-Weaver diversity index of endophytic bacteria in R-R-MV approximates that in R-R-WF rotation, whereas the richness indexes of Chao 1 and ACE in R-R-MV rotation system were significantly higher than those in R-R-WF rotation. The diversity of endophytic bacteria was richer in R-R-MV. Both the culture-dependent and the cultureindependent method revealed significant effect of long-term different tillage systems on the microbial community.

Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

“…The decreases in the annual N and P balances were consistent with the results of Balík et al, [68] but different from the results found by Ladha et al, [69] probably because the crop yield in the study by Ladha et al [69] was not significantly different after GM rotation compared with the yields obtained by chemical fertilization. In this study, the lowest annual N balance was under the Chinese milkvetch rotation, possibly because the Chinese milkvetch increased crop yield and N uptake more than the ryegrass and rapeseed rotations [33,70,71]. In addition, the magnitude of the annual P balance reduction was less than that of the annual N balance (Figure 4).…”

Microbial Community Characteristics in Industrial Matured Chinese paocai, a Fermented Vegetable Food, from Different Factories

“…The bacteria which attached to the raw vegetables present significant differences associated with regions, seasons, vegetable varieties as well as cultivation patterns, resulting in the differences of microflora in different fermented vegetable products (Xiong et al, 2012;Islam et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2013;Haque et al, 2015). Table 2.…”

Novosphingobium oryzae sp. nov., a potential plant-promoting endophytic bacterium isolated from rice roots

“…html). Strains assigned to the genus Novosphingobium have been isolated from diverse habitats including freshwater, soil, sea sediments, wastewater treatment plants, bioremediation reactor of contaminated ground water and hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated soil (Yabuuchi et al, 1990;Takeuchi et al, 1995Takeuchi et al, , 2001Balkwill et al, 1997;Kämpfer et al, 2002Kämpfer et al, , 2011Fujii et al, 2003;Sohn et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2005;Tiirola et al, 2005;Addison et al, 2007;Lim et al, 2007;Suzuki & Hiraishi, 2007;Glaeser et al, 2009Glaeser et al, , 2013Gupta et al, 2009;the study of long-term manure rotation effects on the rice endophytic microbial communities, more than 200 strains were isolated from rice roots (Zhang et al, 2013). Among those strains, ZYY112 T was identified as representing a potentially novel species of the genus Novosphingobium.…”