Long-term response of planted conifers, natural regeneration, and vegetation to harvesting, scalping, and weeding on a boreal mixedwood site

Man, Rongzhou; Rice, James A.; MacDonald, G. B.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.012

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The 1 st -year clearcut aspen density of 131 400 stems per ha and the 10 th -year density of 18 600 stems per ha were both within the high end of the range of values for aspen regeneration on clearcuts at corresponding ages reported by Doucet (1989) and by Petersen and Petersen (1992), and close to the observations by Man et al (2008b) in the same area of northeastern Ontario. The strong increase in aspen regeneration density with size of opening is consistent with greater soil temperature and light levels (Carlson andGroot 1997, Groot et al 1997) and reduced hormonal suppression of sucker development by canopy crowns (Frey et al 2003) in larger openings.…”

Section: Discussion Density Of Aspen Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…It is clear that openings must be much smaller than a previous recommendation of 0.81 ha (Ohmann et al 1978) to successfully control aspen regeneration. It should be emphasized that openings small enough to control aspen regeneration may have little impact on more shade-tolerant competitors such as mountain maple that can thrive under partial light levels (Bell 1991, MacDonald and Thompson 2003, Man et al 2008b, and may simply replace a shade-intolerant competitor with a more shade-tolerant one.…”

Section: Reducing Uncertainties About Trembling Aspen Silviculture Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Density and growth are greatest in large openings where suckering is not inhibited by low soil temperatures, or by the apical dominance of canopy crowns, and where growth is not restricted by light levels. However, some aspen regeneration may persist in the understory under 40% to 50% of full light (Man et al 2008a(Man et al , 2008b, despite reduced growth rates and possible higher mortality. Thus, partial harvesting that removes 40% to 60% of the overstory canopy could effectively reduce, not eliminate, sucker density and growth, and at the same time allow reasonable growth of shade-tolerant conifers, reducing the need of stand tending to grow conifers or mixedwoods (MacDonald et al 2004).…”

Section: Reducing Uncertainties About Trembling Aspen Silviculture Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal patterns of Populus tremuloides regeneration in small forest openings in northern Ontario

Groot¹,

Man²,

Wood³

2009

The Forestry Chronicle

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The density, height and diameter of trembling aspen sucker regeneration was assessed over a 10-year period in openings created by harvesting in a 40-year-old, 19-m-tall aspen stand in northeastern Ontario. The 5 types of opening comprised: circular openings of 9-m-and 18-m-diameter, 150-m-long east-west strips of 9-m and 18-m width, and a 1.5 ha (100 m ϫ 150 m) clearcut. Density of aspen regeneration was significantly affected by opening type, location relative to the opening, time since harvest, and by all interactions of these factors. Aspen densities within the circular openings declined to low levels by year 10, despite considerable initial recruitment. Trembling aspen height and diameter were significantly influenced by opening type, location relative to the opening, time since harvest, and by opening ϫ time and location ϫ time interactions. Trembling aspen heights in the circular openings were substantially less than in the clearcut and strip openings by year 10. The results support the traditional view that aspen is best managed under the clearcut silvicultural system, and that trembling aspen regeneration following forest harvesting can be reduced by controlling the extent or intensity of overstory removal. Finally, the results suggest that disturbances that create gaps greater than 1 tree height in width in aspen or mixedwood forests may allow gap dynamics to function. . La densité de la régénération de tremble était significativement dépendante du type d' ouverture, de la localisation relative de l' ouverture, du temps écoulé depuis la récolte et par l'interaction de ces facteurs. La densité de tremble dans les ouvertures circulaires a diminué année après année, malgré le nombre important de recrues initialement. La hauteur et le diamètre ont été significativement dépendants du type d' ouverture, de la localisation relative de l' ouverture, du temps écoulé depuis la récolte et par l'interaction entre l' ouverture et le temps écoulé ainsi qu' entre la localisation et le temps écoulé. La hauteur des trembles dans les ouvertures circulaires était substantiellement moindres que dans les ouvertures par coupe et par bande 10 ans après la récolte. Les résultats appuient l' opinion traditionnelle que le tremble est mieux aménagé au moyen d'un régime sylvicole de coupe à blanc et que la régénération de tremble à la suite d'une récolte de bois peut être réduite par le contrôle de l' étendue ou de l'intensité de la coupe du couvert dominant. Finalement les résultats laissent entendre que les perturbations qui créent des ouvertures plus importantes en largeur que la hauteur d'un arbre dans les tremblaies ou dans les peuplements mélangés pourraient introduire des ratés dans la dynamique naturelle de ces peuplements.

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Section: Discussion Density Of Aspen Regenerationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Reducing Uncertainties About Trembling Aspen Silviculture Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reducing Uncertainties About Trembling Aspen Silviculture Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal patterns of Populus tremuloides regeneration in small forest openings in northern Ontario

Groot¹,

Man²,

Wood³

2009

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…If regenerating jack pine is an objective after final overstory removal, additional efforts will be needed to reestablish this species in the regenerating cohort. Studies have found that this could include combinations of treatments such as cut-to-length clearcutting with off-site delimbing, scarification, and planting (Man et al 2009(Man et al , 2011Béland et al 2010). Herbicide application could also be effective in releasing planted jack pine from competition (Man et al 2009(Man et al , 2011, but it cannot be used in certain jurisdictions like Québec.…”

Section: Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-entry commercial thinning effects on Pinus banksiana: growth, yield, and stand dynamics in Québec, Canada

Gauthier

Tremblay

2018

J. For. Res.

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We studied late-entry commercial thinning effects on growth, yield, and regeneration in a 48-year-old jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand. Applied thinning intensities were 27, 32, and 47% of merchantable basal area (BA) excluding skidding trails. After 15 years, mean diameter at breast height of surviving trees in the 47% BA removal increased by 4.9 cm (25%) compared to the unthinned control. The 47% BA removal also increased gross merchantable volume (GMV) tree -1 by 46% compared to the control. The 27% BA removal had twice as much GMV ha -1 compared to the 47% BA removal after 15 years. Moreover, cumulative GMV ha -1 was much higher in the 27% BA removal than in the unthinned control. The highest thinning intensity produced larger trees on average, while the lowest thinning intensity maximized volume production per hectare. Maintenance of acceptable growing stock throughout the 15-year period in the 27% BA removal could provide other ecosystem functions such as biodiversity enhancement or wildlife habitat by delaying senescence. Regeneration data showed that a shift in species composition occurred in the understory. After 15 years, the understory was dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). If regenerating jack pine is an objective after final overstory removal, additional efforts will be needed to re-establish this species.

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“…that can substantially reduce survival of planted seedlings (Bell 1991, Pitt et al 2000. A 50% canopy removal that allowed sufficient light for reasonable survival of white spruce was inadequate for planted jack pine (Man et al 2009). Under a partial canopy, post-planting vegetation control is required to increase survival of planted jack pine and even then seedling growth will be reduced relative to what would be expected in a clearcut (Man et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and natural regeneration ten years after pre- and post-harvest spraying and partial cutting in an Ontario boreal mixedwood forest

ManRongzhou

Blake²

2015

The Forestry Chronicle

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The conventional plantation approach to regenerating jack pine (Pinus banksiana) after harvesting maximizes pine growth but may reduce wood quality. In this study we examined growth of planted jack pine and natural regeneration after herbicide spraying and partial cutting treatments on a boreal mixedwood site in northeastern Ontario. Treatments were pre-harvest aerial spray, post-harvest ground spray in strips (partial spray), partial cut, and post-harvest aerial broadcast spray; an untreated reference stand was used for comparison. Pre-harvest spray was as effective as partial cutting and post-harvest broadcast spray in suppressing trembling aspen regeneration and providing adequate light for survival and growth of planted jack pine. Ten years after planting, mortality and growth of pines in the pre-harvest treatment were comparable to those in the partial and broadcast spray treatments. Due to vigorous growth of broadleaf species [mostly red maple; (Acer rubrum)], and shade from the residual overstory, jack pine was smallest in the partial cut treatment; however, based on branch size, branch-free stem length and stem taper, wood quality was highest in this treatment. Considering factors important to forest managers such as growth and quality of planted jack pine, treatment costs, and proportion of the harvested blocks allocated to conifer production, the preferred treatment was pre-harvest spray.Keywords: pre-harvest spray, herbicide, Pinus banksiana, conifer-broadleaf mixtures, wood quality, mixedwood silviculture RÉSUMÉ L'approche traditionnelle par la plantation pour régénérer le pin gris (Pinus banksiana) après récolte maximise la croissance du pin, mais pourrait réduire la qualité du bois. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué la croissance de pins gris naturels et plantés soumis à une pulvérisation d'herbicide et à une coupe partielle sur un parterre de forêt boréale mixte dans le nord-est de l'Ontario. Les traitements consistaient en une pulvérisation aérienne effectuée avant la récolte, une pulvéri-sation terrestre par bandes après la récolte (pulvérisation partielle), une coupe partielle et une pulvérisation d' ensemble par voie aérienne; un peuplement témoin laissé intact a été utilisé à des fins de comparaison. La pulvérisation effectuée avant la récolte a été aussi efficace que la coupe partielle et la pulvérisation d' ensemble pour supprimer la régénération de peuplier faux-tremble et fournir la luminosité nécessaire pour la survie et la croissance du pin gris en plantation. Dix ans après plantation, la mortalité et la croissance des pins dans les blocs traités avant la récolte étaient comparables à celles des blocs ayant subi une coupe partielle et une pulvérisation d' ensemble. En raison de la croissance vigoureuse des feuilles (principalement l' érable rouge; Acer rubrum) et à l' ombre produite par l' étage supérieur résiduel, la taille du pin gris était plus faible dans les blocs de coupe partielle; toutefois, en considérant la dimension des branches, la longueur de tronc sans branches e...

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Long-term response of planted conifers, natural regeneration, and vegetation to harvesting, scalping, and weeding on a boreal mixedwood site

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Spatial and temporal patterns of Populus tremuloides regeneration in small forest openings in northern Ontario

Spatial and temporal patterns of Populus tremuloides regeneration in small forest openings in northern Ontario

Late-entry commercial thinning effects on Pinus banksiana: growth, yield, and stand dynamics in Québec, Canada

Growth of planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and natural regeneration ten years after pre- and post-harvest spraying and partial cutting in an Ontario boreal mixedwood forest

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