Long-term relationships between symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and self-esteem in a prospective longitudinal study of twins

Edbom, Tobias; Lichtenstein, Paul; Granlund, Mats; Larsson, Jan-Olov

doi:10.1080/08035250500449866

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Impairments associated with ADHD are multi-faceted, with outcomes such as academic failure, self-esteem problems, and interpersonal relationship difficulties [11, 57, 60]. People with ADHD are also more prone to injuries and accidents, including serious injuries and traffic accidents, than those without ADHD [18, 31, 51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic impact of childhood/adolescent ADHD in a European setting: the Netherlands as a reference case

Hodgkins

Postma

et al. 2013

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

119

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder in children/adolescents. This study reviews available European-based studies of ADHD-related costs and applies the findings to the Netherlands to estimate annual national costs for children/adolescents from a societal perspective. A systematic literature search was conducted for primary studies in Europe, published January 1, 1990 through April 23, 2013. Per-person cost estimates were converted to 2012 Euros and used to estimate annual national ADHD-related costs based on the Dutch 2011 census, ADHD prevalence rates, family composition, and employment rates. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The average total ADHD-related costs ranged from €9,860 to €14,483 per patient and annual national costs were between €1,041 and €1,529 million (M). The largest cost category was education (€648 M), representing 62 and 42 % of the low- and high-value overall national estimates, respectively. By comparison, ADHD patient healthcare costs ranged between €84 M (8 %) and €377 M (25 %), and social services costs were €4.3 M (0.3–0.4 %). While the majority of the costs were incurred by ADHD patients themselves, €161 M (11–15 %) was healthcare costs to family members that were attributable to having an ADHD child/adolescent. In addition, productivity losses of family members were €143–€339 M (14–22 %). Despite uncertainties because of the small number of studies identified and the wide range in the national cost estimates, our results suggest that ADHD imposes a significant economic burden on multiple public sectors in Europe. The limited number of European-based studies examining the economic burden of ADHD highlights the need for more research in this area.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0477-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic impact of childhood/adolescent ADHD in a European setting: the Netherlands as a reference case

Hodgkins

Postma

et al. 2013

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

119

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“…), and that drive them to experience a lower perception of their competency as compared to peers. Furthermore, recent findings from longitudinal studies also showed that children diagnosed with ADHD reported lower self-esteem in adolescence as compared to controls [16, 19, 20]. However, other studies found no differences between clinically diagnosed ADHD and controls in terms of self-esteem, showing instead that children with ADHD tend to overestimate their own competence, despite the various problems they experience, implementing a phenomenon called “positive illusory bias”, a thinking style characterized by positive illusions which could also be a means of self-protection [21-24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Independently of the controversial results, all the studies finally agreed that a positive self-esteem may help children with ADHD to cope with failures or difficulties in everyday life [16, 23], thus emphasizing the importance of self-esteem for performance and outcomes in ADHD patients [16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Esteem Evaluation in Children and Adolescents Suffering from ADHD

Mazzone¹,

Postorino²,

Reale³

et al. 2013

CPEMH

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Background: Several recent studies investigated the relationship between self-esteem and ADHD, however, the results are still controversial. In the present study we analyze the characteristics of self-esteem in a sample of children and adolescents suffering from ADHD, with a particular focus on the relationship between ADHD symptoms severity and treatment strategies. Methods: A total of 85 patients with ADHD (44 drug-free and 41 drug-treated, 23 of which atomoxetine-treated and 18 Methylphenidate-treated) and 26 healthy controls were enrolled in the study in order to evaluate self-esteem using the Self-esteem Multidimensional Test (TMA). Results:ADHD subjects revealed lower scores on all self-esteem domains compared to controls. Both ADHD drug-free (47.1%) and ADHD drug-treated (44.1%) groups showed significantly higher rates of subjects in the pathological range as compared to normal control group (8.8%) (p <.001) with a higher percentage of subjects in the pathological range. Among ADHD drug-treated subjects, the methylphenidate group showed higher self-esteem scores as compared to the atomoxetine group. Conclusion: A lower self-esteem profile is more common in subjects suffering from ADHD than in healthy controls, suggesting the importance of an early detection of psychological well-being in these children in order to reduce the ADHD symptoms long-term impacts.

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“…Because ADHD influences functional impairment and wellbeing in adulthood, it clearly plays an important role in a child's developmental trajectory (Szatmari et al 1989, Mannuzza et al 1993, Cantwell 1996. Children who show signs of low self-esteem during childhood are particularly at risk for developing additional problems, such as depression, deviant peer choice or substance abuse later in life (Reinherz et al 1989, Emery et al 1993, Grodon & Caltabiano 1996, Moore et al 1996, Edbom et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting of children with ADHD in South Korea: the role of socio‐emotional development of children with ADHD

Park

Suk

et al. 2012

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Parenting attitude is the most important factor to contribute to the healthy socio-emotional development in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Health care providers need to develop and apply a parenting skills improvement program to improve positive parenting attitudes, which will benefit self-esteem and social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Long-term relationships between symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and self-esteem in a prospective longitudinal study of twins

Abstract: The long-term relationships between ADHD-symptoms and a low self-esteem in a population-based sample were confirmed by the co-twin analyses.

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Economic impact of childhood/adolescent ADHD in a European setting: the Netherlands as a reference case

Economic impact of childhood/adolescent ADHD in a European setting: the Netherlands as a reference case

Self-Esteem Evaluation in Children and Adolescents Suffering from ADHD

Parenting of children with ADHD in South Korea: the role of socio‐emotional development of children with ADHD

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