Long‐term quality‐of‐life impairment in patients with more than 1‐year COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction

Pendolino, Alfonso Luca; Tan, Hui Qi Mandy; Choi, David; Ottaviano, Giancarlo; Andrews, Peter

doi:10.1002/alr.23071

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…SF‐36 scores were all within the normal range 48 in the normosmic group while these were reduced in the dysosmics for the health domains “role limitation due to emotional problems,” “energy/fatigue,” “emotional wellbeing,” “social functioning,” and perceived “general health.” Moreover, a weak but significant positive correlation was observed between the SF‐36 domain “energy/fatigue” and the S'S scores suggesting that an improvement in the olfactory scores (i.e., olfactory recovery) is associated with an increased level of energy and, thus, a QoL improvement. This further confirms our previous results on a smaller population 49 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical factors influencing olfactory performance in patients with persistent COVID‐19 smell loss longer than 1 year

Pendolino,

Ottaviano,

Navaratnam

et al. 2023

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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ObjectivesFactors affecting persistence of COVID‐19‐related olfactory dysfunction (OD) remain partially unknown. We aim to evaluate the clinical factors which could influence olfactory performance in patients with persistent COVID‐19‐related smell loss.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 100 patients with persistent COVID‐19‐related OD was performed between October 2020 and December 2022 at a single‐center long‐COVID smell clinic. All subjects underwent smell assessment using Sniffin' Sticks (S'S) extended test, nasal endoscopy, nasal airflow evaluation (peak nasal inspiratory flow [PNIF]), allergy test (skin prick test [SPT]) for common aeroallergens, MRI of the head and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs—VAS, SF‐36, Short QOD‐NS, SNOT‐22). Based on S'S score, subjects were divided into normosmics (TDI ≥ 30.75) and dysosmics (TDI < 30.75).ResultsThe median age was 42 years and the median length of patient‐reported OD was 1.4 years. 20 patients (20.0%) were normosmic at the time of S'S assessment. Dysosmic patients were found to have significantly lower scores at the SF‐36 health domains for energy/fatigue (p = .0004) and emotional wellbeing (p = .04) when compared to normosmics. A moderate correlation (r = .45–.59) between S'S scores and some PROMs was also demonstrated. At the multivariate analysis higher PNIF scores positively influenced odor threshold (p = .001) while positivity to SPT negatively influenced odor identification (p = .04).ConclusionsImpairment of nasal airflow and sensitivity to aeroallergens can negatively affect olfactory performance in COVID‐19‐related OD. Long‐COVID smell loss deeply affects QoL although recovery of olfaction can bring it back to a normal range.Level of EvidenceIV.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical factors influencing olfactory performance in patients with persistent COVID‐19 smell loss longer than 1 year

Pendolino,

Ottaviano,

Navaratnam

et al. 2023

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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“…Several studies asked binary questions in a concise manner (Coelho et al, 2021 ; Callejón-Leblic et al, 2022 ; Damiano et al, 2022 ; Moideen et al, 2022 ; Turk et al, 2022 ). In other studies, however, questions were less clear or specific (Silverberg et al, 2022 ; Bérubé et al, 2023 ; Pendolino et al, 2023 ). For instance, Hosseininasab et al ( 2021 ) asked participants about the presence of parosmia and phantosmia during longitudinal consultations and telephone interviews in Farsi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of tools and their content validity

et al. 2023

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BackgroundThere is a lack of overview of the tools used to assess qualitative olfactory dysfunction, including parosmia and phantosmia, following COVID-19 illness. This could have an impact on the diagnosis and treatment offered to patients. Additionally, the formulations of symptoms are inconsistent and often unclear, and consensus around the wording of questions and responses is needed.Aim of studyThe aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of tools used to assess qualitative olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19, in addition to addressing the content validity (i.e., item and response formulations) of these tools.MethodsMEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched 5th of August 2022 and updated on the 25th of April 2023 to identify studies that assess qualitative olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Primary outcomes were the tool used (i.e., questionnaire or objective test) and item and response formulations. Secondary outcomes included psychometric properties, study design, and demographic variables.ResultsThe assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized by heterogeneity, inconsistency, and lack of validated tools to determine the presence and degree of symptoms. Several tools with overlapping and distinct features were identified in this review, of which some were thorough and detailed, while others were merely assessing the presence of symptoms as a binary measure. Item and response formulations are also inconsistent and often used interchangeably, which may lead to confusion, incorrect diagnoses, and inappropriate methods for solving the problem.ConclusionsThere is an unmet need for a reliable and validated tool for assessing qualitative olfactory dysfunction, preferably one that also captures quantitative olfactory issues (i.e., loss of smell), to ensure time-effective and specific assessment of the ability to smell. A consensus around the formulation of items and response options is also important to increase the understanding of the problem, both for clinicians, researchers, and the patient, and ultimately to provide the appropriate diagnosis and treatment.Registration and protocolThe URL is https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=351621. A preregistered protocol was submitted and accepted (12.09.22) in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number CRD42022351621.

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“…We appreciate Dr. Hyun Jin Min's interest in our article on long‐term quality‐of‐life impairment in patients with more than 1‐year coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)–related olfactory dysfunction (OD) 1 …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the Editor: We appreciate Dr. Hyun Jin Min's interest in our article on long-term quality-of-life impairment in patients with more than 1-year coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related olfactory dysfunction (OD). 1 In our study, we included only patients with a reported OD. Therefore, we are not able to evaluate the impact of gustatory dysfunction on the quality of life of COVID-19 patients without OD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reply to: Letter to the editor regarding “Long‐term quality‐of‐life impairment in patients with more than 1‐year COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction”

Pendolino

Andrews

2023

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Long‐term quality‐of‐life impairment in patients with more than 1‐year COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction

Abstract: Long-term quality-of-life impairment in patients with more than 1-year COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction.

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Clinical factors influencing olfactory performance in patients with persistent COVID‐19 smell loss longer than 1 year

Clinical factors influencing olfactory performance in patients with persistent COVID‐19 smell loss longer than 1 year

The assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of tools and their content validity

Reply to: Letter to the editor regarding “Long‐term quality‐of‐life impairment in patients with more than 1‐year COVID‐19–related olfactory dysfunction”

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