“…Furthermore, the neurovascular bundle is retracted to obtain good visualization. Neurological complications, including nerve traction injury, are common with the transaxillary approach, and occur in 4 Success rate: 77%, Complete relief rate: 57% Supraclavicular scalenectomy without first-rib excision (n ¼ 674; systematic review) 4 Success rate: 85% Complete relief rate: 61% Infraclavicular (n ¼ 55; case-control study) 11 Patency rate of subclavian vein: 95% Posterior (n ¼ 2,305; case series) 12 Good, 75%; fair, 16%; poor, 9% Combined transaxillary and supraclavicular (n ¼ 94; case-control study) 13 Excellent, 95%: good, 4%; poor, 1% Combined supraclavicular and infraclavicular (n ¼ 100; case series) 14 Derkash score: excellent, 41%; good, 35%; fair, 19%; poor, 5% Endoscopic-assisted transaxillary (n ¼ 131; case series) 6 Roos and Derkash score: excellent, 40%; good, 41%; fair, 14%; poor, 6% Video-assisted thoracoscopic (n ¼ 30; case-control study) 8 Excellent, 37%; good, 30%; partial, 20%; no significant improvement, 13% 4 Pleural opened or pneumothorax: 19% Neurological injury: 3% Vascular injury: 0.3% (3 veins, 1 artery) Death: 0.07% (1 case) Supraclavicular scalenectomy without first rib excision (n ¼ 674; systematic review) 4 Pleural opened or pneumothorax: 5% Neurological injury: 7% Vascular injury: 0.2% (1 vein) Death: 0% Infraclavicular (n ¼ 55; case-control study) 11 Pneumothorax: 7% Neurological injury: 0% Posterior (n ¼ 2,305; case series) 12 Pleural opened: most cases (unknown rate) Neurological injury: unknown rate Combined transaxillary and supraclavicular (n ¼ 94; case-control study) 13 Pneumothorax: 4% Neurological (phrenic nerve) injury: 1% Combined supraclavicular and infraclavicular (n ¼ 100; case series) 14 Pneumothorax: 0% Neurological injury: 6% Pleural effusion and hemothorax: 6% Endoscopic-assisted transaxillary (n ¼ 131; case series) 6 Pneumothorax: 3% Neurological (long thoracic and axially nerve) injury: 2% Video-assisted thoracoscopic (n ¼ 30; case-control study) 8 Pleural opened:100% Neurological (brachial plexus) injury: 3% approximately 5% of patients. 2,4 The reported rate of permanent brachial plexus injury is 0.1%.…”