Long-term predictivity of early neurological assessment and developmental trajectories in low-risk preterm infants

Dicanio, Daniela; Spoto, Giulia; Alibrandi, Angela; Minutoli, Roberta; Nicotera, Antonio Gennaro; Rosa, Gabriella Di

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.958682

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It has been hypothesized that inflammatory responses to insults, such as respiratory infections and autoimmunity, might cause alterations in neural activity and brain connectivity ( Kwon et al, 2022 ). Indeed, high amniotic interleukin concentration has been associated with preterm delivery, which is a risk factor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes ( Hillier et al, 1995 ; Saigal and Doyle, 2008 ; Dicanio et al, 2022 ). Recent research proved that MIA can affect the neuropsychiatric outcomes of the offspring, even in asymptomatic mothers with increased intra-amniotic inflammatory cytokines levels ( Gervasi et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Maternal Immune Activation and Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of respiratory viral infections during pregnancy on the neurological outcomes of the newborn: current knowledge

Manti,

Spoto,

Nicotera

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Brain development is a complex process that begins during pregnancy, and the events occurring during this sensitive period can affect the offspring’s neurodevelopmental outcomes. Respiratory viral infections are frequently reported in pregnant women, and, in the last few decades, they have been related to numerous neuropsychiatric sequelae. Respiratory viruses can disrupt brain development by directly invading the fetal circulation through vertical transmission or inducing neuroinflammation through the maternal immune activation and production of inflammatory cytokines. Influenza virus gestational infection has been consistently associated with psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, while the recent pandemic raised some concerns regarding the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born to affected mothers. In addition, emerging evidence supports the possible role of respiratory syncytial virus infection as a risk factor for adverse neuropsychiatric consequences. Understanding the mechanisms underlying developmental dysfunction allows for improving preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and prompt interventions.

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Section: Maternal Immune Activation and Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of respiratory viral infections during pregnancy on the neurological outcomes of the newborn: current knowledge

Manti,

Spoto,

Nicotera

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Prematurity is a condition characterized by a delicate balance between neuroprotection and organ damage [ 75 , 76 , 77 ]. BDNF and NT-3 seem to have a crucial role in neuroprotection by promoting neuronal survival and by reducing neuronal apoptosis.…”

Section: Nts In the Neonatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Neurotrophins on the Brain–Lung Axis: Conception, Pregnancy, and Neonatal Period

D’Amico,

Lugarà,

Luppino

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Neurotrophins (NTs) are four small proteins produced by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells; they include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). NTs can exert their action through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms by interacting with specific receptors. Initial studies on NTs have identified them only as functional molecules of the nervous system. However, recent research have shown that some tissues and organs (such as the lungs, skin, and skeletal and smooth muscle) as well as some structural cells can secrete and respond to NTs. In addition, NTs perform several roles in normal and pathological conditions at different anatomical sites, in both fetal and postnatal life. During pregnancy, NTs are produced by the mother, placenta, and fetus. They play a pivotal role in the pre-implantation process and in placental and embryonic development; they are also involved in the development of the brain and respiratory system. In the postnatal period, it appears that NTs are associated with some diseases, such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), asthma, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

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“…The best tools to identify the risk of cerebral palsy (not to establish a definitive diagnosis) have been identified as the Prechtl Qualitative Assessment of General Movements (sensitivity 98%) and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) (sensitivity 90%) [12]. In a more recent study on a low-risk premature infant population, a good correlation between GM assessment, HINE and the Griffiths Mental and Development Scale assessment results was identified [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Intervention Guided by the General Movements Examination at Term Corrected Age—Short Term Outcomes

Toma,

Dima,

Alexe

et al. 2024

Life

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Background and aim: The early identification of the former premature neonates at risk of neurologic sequelae could lead to early intervention and a better prognosis. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether the General Movement patterns observed at term-equivalent age in former premature infants could serve as predictors for guiding early intervention and improving prognosis. Materials and methods: In a population of 44 premature neonates (mean gestational age 33.59 weeks (+2.43 weeks)) examined at term-equivalent age, 10 neonates with a cramped–synchronized General Movements motor pattern were identified. These neonates were included in an early intervention program consisting of physiotherapy executed both by the therapist and by the parents at home. They were again examined at a corrected age of 12 weeks. The presence or absence of fidgety movements and the MOS-R (motor optimality score revised) was noted. The examinations were performed by certified specialists. Results: Normal fidgety movements and a MOS-R of 20–24 were presented in 9/10 of the former premature infants, with normal foot to foot contact present in 7/10, and normal hand to hand contact present in 5/10. The atypical patterns noted were side to side movements of the head in 5/10, a non-centered head in 9/10, asymmetric tonic neck reflex in 9/10 and jerky movements in 10/10. One patient presented with no fidgety movements and a MOS-R score of 9. Conclusion: Early intervention in our group of patients allowed for an improvement in the neurologic status, demonstrated by the presence of fidgety movements. We suggest that early intervention should be indicated in all premature infants that present with a cramped–synchronized GM pattern during examination at term-equivalent age. However, due to the small sample size, the absence of statistical analysis and a control group, and the limited follow-up period, the conclusions must be approached with caution.

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Long-term predictivity of early neurological assessment and developmental trajectories in low-risk preterm infants

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Impact of respiratory viral infections during pregnancy on the neurological outcomes of the newborn: current knowledge

Impact of respiratory viral infections during pregnancy on the neurological outcomes of the newborn: current knowledge

The Influence of Neurotrophins on the Brain–Lung Axis: Conception, Pregnancy, and Neonatal Period

Early Intervention Guided by the General Movements Examination at Term Corrected Age—Short Term Outcomes

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