Long‐term Potentiation

Lisman, John

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0000165.pub2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…But psychologists largely abandoned this study when they adopted an information processing orientation. Meanwhile, neuroscientists identified the biological mechanisms of learning and memory discussed below and more completely by Bear, Connors, and Paradiso (2007), Carlson (2010), Hell and Ehlers (2008), Kalat (2009), Lisman and Hell (2008), and Squire et al (2008). This biological mechanism information explains previously unanswered basic psychological science questions such as why reinforcers are reinforcing and/or why reinforcers modify behavior.…”

Section: The Explanatory Nucleus: Three Core Psychological Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experience-dependent plasticity is the term used to refer to the ways in which the brain changes during learning and memory formation. Neurons that fire together wire together through the synthesis of new proteins resulting in Long Term Potentiation (LTP) and Long Term Depression (LTD) of synapses depending upon details that lie beyond the scope of this article (cf., Bear, Connors, & Paradiso, 2007; Carlson, 2010; Hell & Ehlers, 2008; Kalat, 2009; Lisman & Hell, 2008; Squire et al, 2008). LTP enables incoming signals to produce a stronger response.…”

Section: The Explanatory Nucleus: Three Core Psychological Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Connectionist Network Approach to Psychological Science: Core and Corollary Principles

Tryon

2012

Review of General Psychology

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Psychology has at least three explanatory problems: (a) it continues to form and promote separate schools and camps that mainly work in isolation from each other or against one another; (b) each camp advocates its own vocabulary and set of basic concepts thereby further fractionating the professional identity of psychologists, explains small domains of interest to group members, but cannot provide an overarching perspective capable of transitioning psychology into a mature science; and (c) each minitheory promises mechanism information but only provides functional explanations that impute causality. A potential solution to our explanatory problems is presently available but has not yet been published in an organized way because investigators have not fully appreciated the broader implications of their work. This article aims to articulate those broader implications for psychological science in the form of a network learning theory perspective that provides a common vocabulary and set of three core and eight corollary empirically supported psychological principles. The adequacy of this approach has been proven mathematically.

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Section: The Explanatory Nucleus: Three Core Psychological Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Explanatory Nucleus: Three Core Psychological Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Connectionist Network Approach to Psychological Science: Core and Corollary Principles

Tryon

2012

Review of General Psychology

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“…LTP involves the neurotransmitter glutamate binding to post-synaptic receptors, opening calcium channels to allow influx of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) to dendritic spines [7] , shafts and neuronal cell body. Within dendritic spines, inflow of Ca 2+ results in activation of multiple enzymes including protein kinase A [8] , protein kinase C [9] and Ca 2+ -calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal Signaling: Is Memory Encoded in Microtubule Lattices by CaMKII Phosphorylation?

2012

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Memory is attributed to strengthened synaptic connections among particular brain neurons, yet synaptic membrane components are transient, whereas memories can endure. This suggests synaptic information is encoded and ‘hard-wired’ elsewhere, e.g. at molecular levels within the post-synaptic neuron. In long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular and molecular model for memory, post-synaptic calcium ion (Ca2+) flux activates the hexagonal Ca2+-calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII), a dodacameric holoenzyme containing 2 hexagonal sets of 6 kinase domains. Each kinase domain can either phosphorylate substrate proteins, or not (i.e. encoding one bit). Thus each set of extended CaMKII kinases can potentially encode synaptic Ca2+ information via phosphorylation as ordered arrays of binary ‘bits’. Candidate sites for CaMKII phosphorylation-encoded molecular memory include microtubules (MTs), cylindrical organelles whose surfaces represent a regular lattice with a pattern of hexagonal polymers of the protein tubulin. Using molecular mechanics modeling and electrostatic profiling, we find that spatial dimensions and geometry of the extended CaMKII kinase domains precisely match those of MT hexagonal lattices. This suggests sets of six CaMKII kinase domains phosphorylate hexagonal MT lattice neighborhoods collectively, e.g. conveying synaptic information as ordered arrays of six “bits”, and thus “bytes”, with 64 to 5,281 possible bit states per CaMKII-MT byte. Signaling and encoding in MTs and other cytoskeletal structures offer rapid, robust solid-state information processing which may reflect a general code for MT-based memory and information processing within neurons and other eukaryotic cells.

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Long‐term Potentiation

Abstract: Long‐term potentiation is an activity‐dependent strengthening of synapses that is thought to underlie memory.

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

A Connectionist Network Approach to Psychological Science: Core and Corollary Principles

A Connectionist Network Approach to Psychological Science: Core and Corollary Principles

Cytoskeletal Signaling: Is Memory Encoded in Microtubule Lattices by CaMKII Phosphorylation?

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