Long-term pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

Mahé, Vincent; Balogh, A

doi:10.1097/00004850-200015020-00006

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Both the DSM-IV and the ICD-10 clearly distinguish between generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) and other anxiety and depression conditions [2]. While the exact cause of GAD cannot be specified, there are population groups at greater risk of suffering it [3-5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool

Garcı́a-Campayo

Zamorano²,

Ruiz

et al. 2010

Health Qual Life Outcomes

458

307

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BackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition which is underestimated worldwide. This study carried out the cultural adaptation into Spanish of the 7-item self-administered GAD-7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with GAD.MethodsThe adaptation was performed by an expert panel using a conceptual equivalence process, including forward and backward translations in duplicate. Content validity was assessed by interrater agreement. Criteria validity was explored using ROC curve analysis, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and negative value for different cut-off values were determined. Concurrent validity was also explored using the HAM-A, HADS, and WHO-DAS-II scales.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 212 subjects (106 patients with GAD) with a mean age of 50.38 years (SD = 16.76). Average completion time was 2'30''. No items of the scale were left blank. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. No patients with GAD had to be assisted to fill in the questionnaire. The scale was shown to be one-dimensional through factor analysis (explained variance = 72%). A cut-off point of 10 showed adequate values of sensitivity (86.8%) and specificity (93.4%), with AUC being statistically significant [AUC = 0.957-0.985); p < 0.001]. The scale significantly correlated with HAM-A (0.852, p < 0.001), HADS (anxiety domain, 0.903, p < 0.001), and WHO-DAS II (0.696, p > 0.001).LimitationsElderly people, particularly those very old, may need some help to complete the scale.ConclusionAfter the cultural adaptation process, a Spanish version of the GAD-7 scale was obtained. The validity of its content and the relevance and adequacy of items in the Spanish cultural context were confirmed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool

Garcı́a-Campayo

Zamorano²,

Ruiz

et al. 2010

Health Qual Life Outcomes

458

307

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“…In addition, one-third of patients in controlled studies are unresponsive to any one of the medications [14]. Thus, there is a critical need for development of newer anxiolytic agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of the essential oil of the aerial part of Foeniculum vulgare Miller in mice

Mesfin

Asres

Shibeshi

2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundFoeniculum vulgare locally known as ensilal, is an aromatic plant widely cultivated in temperate and tropical regions. The anti-anxiety activity of the crude extract of F. vulgare has been reported. However, the fraction responsible for anxiolytic activity is not known and there is no any report on the anti-anxiety activity of the essential oil of F. vulgare. The objective of study was to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of the essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Miller.MethodsAdult Swiss albino male mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Groups I and II received Tween 80 (5%, v/v) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, ip), respectively, while groups III to V received orally 50, 100, and 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the essential oil of F. vulgare, respectively. The mice were then individually placed in animal anxiety models: elevated plus maze (EPM), staircase test (SCT) and open field test (OFT) and evaluated for various parameters.ResultsIn EPM test, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of the essential oil significantly increased percent number of entries and time spent in open arms compared to control. In SCT these doses also reduced rearing significantly compared to controls, while only the 200 mg/kg dose significantly increased number of squares crossed at the center in the OFT test.ConclusionThe essential oil of F. vulgare was found to exhibit a promising anxiolytic activity.

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“…The core symptom of GAD is chronic, excessive and uncontrolled worry [10]. Both the DSM-IV and ICD-10 classification systems [11,12] distinguish GAD from other anxiety and depressive disorders [13]. However as is the case with other anxiety disorders, GAD is frequently associated with other psychiatric diseases: 80-90% of individuals meeting GAD criteria present one or more other psychiatric disorders during their lifetime [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of generalized anxiety disorder: psychometric validation of the Spanish version of the self-administered GAD-2 scale in daily medical practice

Garcı́a-Campayo

Zamorano²,

Ruiz

et al. 2012

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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AimTo psychometrically validate the Spanish version of the self-administered 2-item GAD-2 scale for screening probable patients with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).MethodsThe GAD-2 was self-administered by patients diagnosed with GAD according to DSM-IV criteria and by age- and sex-matched controls who were recruited at random in mental health and primary care centres. Criteria validity was explored using ROC curve analysis, and sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were determined for different cut-off values. Concurrent validity was also established using the HAM-A, HADS, and WHODAS II scales.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 212 subjects (106 patients with GAD) with a mean age of 50.38 years (SD = 16.76). No items of the scale were left blank. Floor and ceiling effects were negligible. No patients with GAD had to be assisted to complete the questionnaire. Reliability (internal consistency) was high; Cronbach’s α = 0.875. A cut-off point of 3 showed adequate sensitivity (91.5%) and specificity (85.8%), with a statistically significant area under the curve (AUC = 0.937, p < 0.001), to distinguish GAD patients from controls. Concurrent validity was also high and significant with HAM-A (0.806, p < 0.001), HADS (anxiety domain, 0.825, p < 0.001) and WHO-DAS II (0.642, p < 0.001) scales.ConclusionThe Spanish version of the GAD-2 scale has been shown to have appropriate psychometric properties to rapidly detect probable cases of GAD in the Spanish cultural context under routine clinical practice conditions.

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Long-term pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool

Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool

Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of the essential oil of the aerial part of Foeniculum vulgare Miller in mice

The assessment of generalized anxiety disorder: psychometric validation of the Spanish version of the self-administered GAD-2 scale in daily medical practice

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