Long-term persistency of hepatitis B immunity: an observational cross-sectional study on medical students and resident doctors

Stefanati, Armando; Bolognesi, Niccolò; Sandri, Federica; Dini, Guglielmo; Massa, Emanuela; Montecucco, Alfredo; Lupi, Silvia; Gabutti, Giovanni

doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.3.1315

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Another interesting issue regarding antibodies duration refers to the subjects’ age at the time of vaccination. Numerous studies have shown that vaccination in adolescence generates higher and long-lasting titers compared to children vaccinated at birth[ 61 - 64 ], being the age at the time of vaccination an independent variable associated with an anti-HBs titer < 10 mIU/mL. However, childhood HBV vaccination, together with other vaccines, guarantees a higher coverage rate.…”

Section: How Long Do the Antibodies Last?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Lello¹,

Martínez²,

Flichman³

2022

WJG

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After more than four decades of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine implementation, its safety and efficacy in preventing HBV infection have been proven and several milestones have been achieved. Most countries have included HBV immunization schedules in their health policies and progress has been made regarding universalization of the first HBV vaccine dose at birth. All of these actions have significantly contributed to reducing both the incidence of HBV infection and its related complications. However, there are still many drawbacks to overcome. The main concerns are the deficient coverage rate of the dose at birth and the large adult population that has not been reached timely by universal immunization. Additionally, the current most widely used second-generation vaccines do not induce protective immunity in 5% to 10% of the population, particularly in people over 40-years-old, obese (body mass index > 25 kg/m 2 ), heavy smokers, and patients undergoing dialysis or infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Recently developed and approved novel vaccine formulations using more potent adjuvants or multiple antigens have shown better performance, particularly in difficult settings. These advances re-launch the expectations of achieving the World Health Organization’s objective of completing hepatitis control by 2030.

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Section: How Long Do the Antibodies Last?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Lello¹,

Martínez²,

Flichman³

2022

WJG

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“…Three doses with Hepatitis B virus vaccine are about 95% effective in immunocompetent subjects 10 and provide longlasting immunity; protective anti-HBs (Hepatitis B surface) antibody titer was found in 88% of vaccinated HCWs, 20 y after the primary vaccination schedule. 11,12 Two doses of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) are considered highly effective and a presumptive evidence of immunity for those diseases. 13,14 Since the immunogenicity of mumps vaccine has reported to be lower than Measles and Rubella ones, a significant rate of the HCWs could remain serologically unprotected for mumps despite a previous administration of two doses of MMR vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence for vaccine-preventable diseases among Italian healthcare workers

Coppeta

D’Alessandro

Pietroiusti

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Healthcare workers (HCWs) have an increased risk to be exposed to infectious diseases compared to the general population. For this reason, according to the National Immunization and Prevention Plan, all HCWs should have demonstrable evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and Hepatitis B. Earlier studies have already shown that a large percentage of Italian operators lacked immune protection for one or more of those pathogens.The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunization status for vaccine-preventable diseases of HCWs in a large Italian teaching hospital. We retrospectively evaluated clinical records and serological data of HCWs who followed the occupational health surveillance program between January 1 and December 31 2019. We reviewed the clinical records of 1,017 HCWs: 393 males and 624 females with a median age of 35.69 y (range: 19-67). Protective IgG antibody values were documented in the 88.0%, 75.7%, 90.3%, 87.4% and 85.7% of the HCWs screened, respectively, against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and Hepatitis B. Age was significantly related to serological protection against measles, mumps and varicella but was not significantly related to protective IgG levels for rubella and HBV.Female gender was significantly related to a higher protection rate against Hepatitis B (87.8 vs 82.4%; p < .01) whereas males were significantly more protected against varicella (92-4 vs 84.1%; p < .01).Our study shows suboptimal levels of protection among Italian HCWs and a consequent increased risk of infection for them and their patients. Public health policies should be focused on improving preventive strategies, including serological screening and workplace vaccination of nonimmune individuals.

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“…Further, the varied races and ethnicities in our cohort may explain discordant rates of humoral vaccine response when compared to a racially and ethnically homogenous Canadian cohorts of young persons with POMS (27). Although the overall humoral vaccine response was 86.7% in that study, the median age of individuals tested was nearly 2 years younger than in our cohort, possibly making direct comparison difficult, especially in the context of established waning of VZV immune response over time (20,21). This study only evaluated the humoral mediated vaccine response as measured by antibody titers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…It has been established that rates of humoral vaccine immunity declines over time. Waning HBV immunity over time is well established ( 20 , 21 ) and VZV response has been similarly shown to decline by up to 8% per year in healthy, neurotypical, individuals ( 22 , 23 ). Although these studies highlight the lower than anticipated immunity rates in vaccinated individuals, the overall immunity rates in these studies remain much higher than what was found in our cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadequate Vaccine Responses in Children With Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2021

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Objective: Immunizations against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), are recommended for patients with pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and may be required prior to initiation of some disease modifying therapies. However, the efficacy of routine vaccine administration in POMS has never been studied. We sought to assess the humoral mediated vaccine response to HBV and VZV in children with POMS.Methods: A multi-center retrospective chart-based review of 62 patients with POMS was performed. Clinical data and antibody titers against HBV and VZV were collected prior to initiation of disease modifying therapy or steroids and compared to institutional control data, using t-test and chi squared analysis.Results: There were low rates of immunity against both HBV and VZV (33 and 25% respectively) among individuals with POMS. Fifteen individuals (24%) were non-immune to both. Compared to institutional control data, individuals with POMS were significantly less likely to be immune to and HBV (p = 0.003, 95% CI: 0.22–0.75) and VZV (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.09–0.39).Interpretation: Individuals with POMS have low rates of antibody-mediated immunity against HBV and VZV, despite receiving the appropriate vaccinations. This suggests an association between POMS and systemic immune dysregulation although further study is needed.

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Long-term persistency of hepatitis B immunity: an observational cross-sectional study on medical students and resident doctors

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Insights into induction of the immune response by the hepatitis B vaccine

Seroprevalence for vaccine-preventable diseases among Italian healthcare workers

Inadequate Vaccine Responses in Children With Multiple Sclerosis

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