Long-Term Outcomes of Deep Brain Stimulation in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration-Related Dystonia

Abstract

ObjectiveaaTo investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of pallidal deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) in patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).MethodsaaWe reviewed the records of patients with genetically confirmed PKAN who received bilateral GPi-DBS for refractory dystonia and were clinically followed up for at least 2 years postoperatively at two centers in Korea. Pre-and postoperative Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor subscale (BFMDRS-M) scores, disability subscale (BFMDRS-D) scores, and qualitative clinical information were prospectively collected. Descriptive analysis was performed for BFMDRS-M scores, BFMDRS-D scores, and the orofacial, axial, and limb subscores of the BFMDRS-M at 6-12, 24-36, and 60-72 months postoperatively.ResultsaaFive classic-type, four atypical-type, and one unknown-type PKAN cases were identified. The mean preoperative BFMDRS-M score was 92.1 for the classic type and 38.5 for the atypical or unknown type, with a mean BFMDRS follow-up of 50.7 months and a clinical follow-up of 69.0 months. The mean improvements in BFMDRS-M score were 11.3%, 41.3%, and 30.5% at 6-12, 24-36, and 60-72 months, respectively. In four patients with full regular evaluations until 60-72 months, improvements in the orofacial, axial, and limb subscores persisted, but the disability scores worsened from 24-36 months post-operation compared to the baseline, mainly owing to the aggravation of eating and feeding disabilities.ConclusionaaThe benefits of GPi-DBS on dystonia may persist for more than 5 years in PKAN. The effects on patients' subjective disability may have a shorter duration despite improvements in dystonia owing to the complex manifestations of PKAN. KeywordsaaDeep brain stimulation (DBS); Dystonia; Globus pallidus; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA); Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).

Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Status Dystonicus in Children: Multicenter Case Series and Systematic Review

“…The cause of death for the third child was not reported; however, the patient died a few weeks after their third lead revision. Wound and device infections were reported in 6 patients (8%) 16,29,36,50,55,62 . Eight patients (10%; Appendix S3) required revisions due to lead migration or fractures.…”

“…Wound and device infections were reported in 6 patients (8%). 16,29,36,50,55,62 Eight patients (10%; Appendix S3) required revisions due to lead migration or fractures. Although quality of life was not formally measured in most studies, many allude to an improvement, specifically with respect to seating tolerance, 36,58 hygiene, 58 improved facial expressions, 30 and ability to leave hospital and for family to plan outings, 57 following DBS for SD.…”