Long-Term Outcomes in Uveal Melanoma After Ruthenium-106 Brachytherapy

Cennamo, Gilda; Montorio, Daniela; Andrea, Luca D’; Farella, A.; Giuliano, Mario; Liuzzi, Raffaele; Breve, Maria Angelica; Placido, Sabino De; Cennamo, Giovanni

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.754108

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Surgery and radiotherapy effectively prevent local recurrence in UM patients. 5,6 However, distant metastasis remains a clinical challenge and can lead to patient death. Therefore, it is of great clinical benefit to determine the mechanisms underlying the metastasis of UM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgery and radiotherapy effectively prevent local recurrence in UM patients 5,6 . However, distant metastasis remains a clinical challenge and can lead to patient death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Primary UM can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy, and the local recurrence rate is low. 5,6 However, UM exhibits a high metastatic potential, more than 50% of UM patients develop distant metastatic diseases, usually to the liver, lung, bone, or other organs. 1,4,7,8 To improve the prognosis of UM patients, a variety of treatments including transpupillary thermotherapy, photocoagulation, charged particle irradiation, and immunotherapy have been explored in the past decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nearly 90% of UM cases involve the choroid, while the rest involve the iris or ciliary body 3,4 . Primary UM can be treated by surgery or radiotherapy, and the local recurrence rate is low 5,6 . However, UM exhibits a high metastatic potential, more than 50% of UM patients develop distant metastatic diseases, usually to the liver, lung, bone, or other organs 1,4,7,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PTK2 promotes uveal melanoma metastasis by activating epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition

et al. 2023

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Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. More than half of UM cases develop distant metastasis to the liver, lung, bone, and other organs, which frequently results in patient death. However, the mechanisms underlying UM metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, we report that protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), a nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase also known as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), was overexpressed in most examined UM specimens. Furthermore, we identified PTK2 expression as a novel independent risk factor that predicts poor prognosis of UM patients. Mechanistic studies revealed that PTK2 promotes the EMT phenotype, leading to metastasis of UM cells. We showed that PTK2, located on chromosome 8q, is a functional gene of chromosome 8q gain to UM metastasis, which may represent the molecular mechanism for the aberrant expression and activation of PTK2 in UM. Our data reveal a novel role and mechanism of PTK2 in the metastatic process of UM, suggesting PTK2 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for UM metastasis and a promising therapeutic target for UM treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgery and radiotherapy effectively prevent local recurrence in UM patients 5,6 . However, distant metastasis remains a clinical challenge and can lead to patient death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PTK2 promotes uveal melanoma metastasis by activating epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition

et al. 2023

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“…Ru-106 has a half-life of 373.6 days which allows for multiple uses over a 1-year period [2]. With good patient selection and fine surgical technique, Ru-106 brachytherapy is associated with high rates of local tumour control [3, 4]. However, a recent literature review of twenty-one retrospective studies reports variable local tumour control rates ranging between 59 and 98%, with an overall weighted mean of 84% efficacy [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subconjunctival Ocular Argyrosis following Treatment with Ruthenium 106 Brachytherapy for Choroidal Melanoma

Khasati,

Thaung,

Mudhar

et al. 2023

Ocul Oncol Pathol

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Purpose Ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) brachytherapy is one of the commonest eye-sparing treatments for choroidal melanoma. New or progressive pigmented lesions in treated eyes are often regarded as suspicious – especially if there are concerns of extra-scleral extension. This short case series describes two patients, previously treated with Ru-106 brachytherapy for uveal melanoma, who developed subconjunctival pigmentation. This study aims to examine the cause for this presentation. Methods Retrospective case series presenting the histopathological features, electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) microanalysis results of subconjunctival pigmentation in patients treated with Ru-106 for uveal melanoma. Results The two patients were treated for posterior choroidal melanoma five and ten years previously, with Ru-106 brachytherapy. Both cases developed subconjunctival dark/black lesions on the anterior surface of the eye in the quadrant of the conjunctival peritomy during Ru-106 treatment. Both had similar findings on histopathology: black, non-organic, particulate foreign material of varying confluence, deposited on elastin and collagen fibres. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis confirmed the material predominantly contained silver. Conclusions The Ru-106 applicator consists of a radioactive core of Ru-106, encapsulated within pure silver as a radiation shield. During surgical insertion, stainless steel suture needles and forceps can occasionally scratch the applicator’s silver eyelets and scatter microscopic particles of elemental silver into the operative field. We believe the observed silver in these cases was likely deposited within the subconjunctival tissues during brachytherapy administration, leading to localised ocular argyrosis. Iatrogenic ocular argyrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new pigmented lesions in patients treated with Ru-106 brachytherapy. This study is the first to unequivocally identify the cause of some post-brachytherapy ocular surface pigmentation as caused by silver.

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