Long-term nutrition education reduces several risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilians with impaired glucose tolerance

Sex-specific differences in diabetes prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…We contacted authors of the remaining 15 RCTs regarding sexspecific results of their studies. Authors of nine RCTs supplied unpublished sex-specific data upon request [14,15,21,24,34,36,38,39,51].…”

“…Seven RCTs with more than 1,200 men and 970 women compared lifestyle interventions with treatment as usual [2,14,15,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][48][49][50][51]. Follow-up periods lasted up to 6 years.…”

“…People in control groups received counselling about diabetes, verbal and written information about diet and exercise or consultation of a dietitian at the beginning of the study phase. Six studies provided sexstratified data on 1,644 men and women with prediabetes for meta-analyses of the effect of lifestyle interventions on diabetes incidence, body weight, fasting plasma glucose and 2 h post-challenge-glucose after 1 and 3 years of follow-up [2,15,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][48][49][50][51].…”

“…Diabetes incidence We conducted meta-analyses of four RCTs [34][35][36][37][38][39] with data on 884 people with prediabetes to assess sex-specific differences of the effect of lifestyle interventions on the prevention of progression to type 2 diabetes. After 1 year, prediabetic people receiving lifestyle interventions had a numerically lower (albeit not statistically significant) risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes than people in the treatment as usual groups (RR 0.…”

“…Body weight Pooled results of three RCTs [35][36][37][38][39] showed that 1 year of lifestyle interventions was more effective in reducing body weight than treatment as usual. Overall, people with prediabetes receiving lifestyle interventions achieved an additional mean weight reduction of −2.44 kg (95% CI −3.…”