Long-Term, Multisite, Parallel, In-Cell Recording and Stimulation by an Array of Extracellular Microelectrodes

Hai, Aviad; Shappir, J.; Spira, Micha Ε.

doi:10.1152/jn.00265.2010

Cited by 114 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Electrical measurements, by contrast, can measure fast (1 ms) processes, but they cannot resolve the nanoscale geometry of the nanoprobe-membrane interface, and multiple configurations can lead to similar recording properties. For instance, recording low-frequency changes in the transmembrane potential can indicate direct cytosolic access (13,17), but such changes are also observable using extracellular recordings by metal microelectrodes (33,34) or patch pipettes (35) that have sealed very tightly to the cell membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of Cell Membranes and Synthetic Lipid Bilayers by Nanoprobes

Angle

Wang

Thomas

et al. 2014

Biophysical Journal

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Nanoscale devices have been proposed as tools for measuring and controlling intracellular activity by providing electrical and/or chemical access to the cytosol. Unfortunately, nanostructures with diameters of 50-500 nm do not readily penetrate the cell membrane, and rationally optimizing nanoprobes for cell penetration requires real-time characterization methods that are capable of following the process of membrane penetration with nanometer resolution. Although extensive work has examined the rupture of supported synthetic lipid bilayers, little is known about the applicability of these model systems to living cell membranes with complex lipid compositions, cytoskeletal attachment, and membrane proteins. Here, we describe atomic force microscopy (AFM) membrane penetration experiments in two parallel systems: live HEK293 cells and stacks of synthetic lipid bilayers. By using the same probes in both systems, we were able to clearly identify membrane penetration in synthetic bilayers and compare these events with putative membrane penetration events in cells. We examined membrane penetration forces for three tip geometries and 18 chemical modifications of the probe surface, and in all cases the median forces required to penetrate cellular and synthetic lipid bilayers with nanoprobes were greater than 1 nN. The penetration force was sensitive to the probe's sharpness, but not its surface chemistry, and the force did not depend on cell surface or cytoskeletal properties, with cells and lipid stacks yielding similar forces. This systematic assessment of penetration under various mechanical and chemical conditions provides insights into nanoprobe-cell interactions and informs the design of future intracellular nanoprobes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of Cell Membranes and Synthetic Lipid Bilayers by Nanoprobes

Angle

Wang

Thomas

et al. 2014

Biophysical Journal

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“…This would likely help improve both resolution and contrast sensitivity. While intracellular electrodes seem to be well-tolerated in-vitro over a few weeks [174], this effect has not been demonstrated in-vivo yet. It is unclear therefore what the long-term effects of intracellular access to a neuron are.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic approaches to restoration of sight

Goetz

Palanker

2016

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Retinal prostheses are a promising means for restoring sight to patients blinded by the gradual atrophy of photoreceptors due to retinal degeneration. They are designed to reintroduce information into the visual system by electrically stimulating surviving neurons in the retina. This review outlines the concepts and technologies behind two major approaches to retinal prosthetics: epiretinal and subretinal. We describe how the visual system responds to electrical stimulation. We highlight major differences between direct encoding of the retinal output with epiretinal stimulation, and network-mediated response with subretinal stimulation. We summarize results of pre-clinical evaluation of prosthetic visual functions in- and ex-vivo, as well as the outcomes of current clinical trials of various retinal implants. We also briefly review alternative, non-electronic, approaches to restoration of sight to the blind, and conclude by suggesting some perspectives for future advancement in the field.

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“…Gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes (gMμE) or functionalized gold-spine electrodes are cell culture electrodes that protrude from the cell culture substrate [169]. The 1-1.5 μm tall mushroom-shaped protrusions are functionalized and coated with an engulfment-promoting peptide [170] (Fig.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Nanostructured Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Coatings for Improved Charge Delivery to Neurons

Kozai

Alba

Zhang

et al. 2014

Nanotechnology and Neuroscience: Nano-Electronic, Photonic and Mechanical Neuronal Interfacing

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This chapter explores the variability and limitations of traditional stimulation electrodes by first appreciating how electrical potential differences lead to efficacious activation of nearby neurons and examining the basic electrochemical mechanisms of charge transfer at an electrode/electrolyte interface. It then covers the advantages and current challenges of emerging micro-/nanostructured electrode materials for next-generation neural stimulation microelectrodes. Introduction to Electrical Stimulation of NeuronsStimulation electrodes have many clinical applications. The most common clinically approved stimulator is the artificial cardiac pacemaker, which is implanted into patients with a slow or arrhythmic heartbeat [1]. Artificial pacemakers use electrodes placed directly in contact with the heart muscles to regulate heart rate by delivering a timed series of electrical pulses. Another common stimulation device implanted into many adults and children is the cochlear implant [2]. Cochlear duct electrodes are designed as a series of stimulation contacts arranged along a flexible silicone carrier (Fig. 4.1a). These electrodes are placed into the cochlea where they directly electrically stimulate nerve cells, bypassing damaged hair cells that transduce acoustic vibrations into electrical impulses in the underlying nerve cells. (Fig. 4.1b). Electrical stimulation in these deep brain structures, such as the basal ganglia, has been used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease including tremor and bradykinesia, as well as other movement disorders such as dystonia [3][4][5]. In addition, DBS is being studied as a treatment for stroke, chronic pain, major depression, and chronic obesity [6-10]. For epilepsy and major depression, vagal nerve stimulation offers an alternative that does not require brain surgery [11,12]. In the extremities, functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to deliver electrical current to activate nerves or muscles in disabled patients. FES has been applied to aid in standing, walking, and basic handgrips and for restoring bowel and bladder function [13][14][15]. Many other electrical stimulation applications exist, including the restoration of somatosensation and vision, the treatment of hypertension and gastroparesis, and the promotion of nerve regeneration [16][17][18][19].While these neurostimulation devices have demonstrated some success in bypassing, replacing, or treating damaged neural circuits, they are far from being able to reliably restore natural function in all patients. In order to understand the variability and limitations of traditional stimulation electrodes, we must first appreciate how electrical potential differences lead to efficacious activation of nearby neurons and examine the basic electrochemical mechanisms of charge transfer at an electrode/electrolyte interface. This chapter will first lay out our current knowledge of these areas and afterwards will cover the advantages and current challenges of emerging micro-/nanostructured electrode materials for ...

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Long-Term, Multisite, Parallel, In-Cell Recording and Stimulation by an Array of Extracellular Microelectrodes

Cited by 114 publications

References 42 publications

Penetration of Cell Membranes and Synthetic Lipid Bilayers by Nanoprobes

Penetration of Cell Membranes and Synthetic Lipid Bilayers by Nanoprobes

Electronic approaches to restoration of sight

Nanostructured Coatings for Improved Charge Delivery to Neurons

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