Long Term Monitoring of the Macrobenthos of the Upper Clyde Estuary

Henderson, Anne R.

doi:10.2166/wst.1984.0143

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is possible, in part, because surface sediments are routinely resuspended. More importantly, San Francisco Bay, unlike many other urbanized/industrialized estuaries such as Chesapeake Bay (Officer et al, 1984) and the Clyde (Henderson, 1984), Thames (Andrews & Rickard, 1980), and Rhine (Wolff, 1978) River estuaries, does not exhibit oxygen depletion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos

Nichols

Thompson

1985

Hydrobiologia

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Results from multi-year investigations in the San Francisco Bay estuary show that large abundance fluctuations within benthic macroinvertebrate populations reflect both (1) within-year periodicity of reproduction, recruitment, and mortality that is not necessarily coincident with seasonal changes of the environment (e.g., the annual temperature cycle), and (2) aperiodic density changes (often larger than within-year fluctuations) following random perturbations of the environment.Density peaks of the small, short-lived estuarine invertebrates that comprise the vast majority of individuals in the bay's relatively homogeneous benthic community normally occur between spring and autumn depending on the species, in large part a reflection of reproductive periodicity. However, because mild winters permit reproductive activity in some of the common species throughout much of the year, other factors are important to within-year density fluctuations in the community. Seasonally predictable changes in freshwater inflow, wind and tidal mixing, microalgal biomass, and sediment erosion/deposition patterns all contribute to observed seasonal changes in abundance. For example, the commonly observed decline in abundance during winter reflects both short-lived species that die after reproducing and the stress of winter conditions (e.g., inundation by less saline, sediment-laden water and the decline in both planktonic and benthic algal biomass -a direct source of food for the shallow-water benthos). On the other hand, data from several studies suggest that observed 'recruitment' and 'mortality' may in fact be the migration of juveniles and adults to and from study sites. For example, the common amphipod Ampelisca abdita apparently moves from shallow to deep water, or from up-estuary to down-estuary locations, coincident with periods of high river runoff in winter. Growth of individuals within the few studied species populations is also highly seasonal, and appears to be coincident with seasonal increases in the abundance of planktonic and/ or benthic microalgae.Two multi-year studies have shown that, in addition to within-year periodicity, major restructuring of the benthic community can occur as a result of anomalous (usually climate-related) perturbations of the benthic habitat. For example, during wet years freshwater-intolerant species disappear from the upper part of the estuary and from shallow areas of the bay. During a two-year drought these same species colonized the extreme upper end of the estuary in large numbers. Other aperiodic perturbations include localized instances of sediment erosion or deposition and algal mat accumulations that greatly depress abundance. Additionally, there is evidence (observations that the clam Macoma balthica establishes large populations only when the amphipod A. abdita is not abundant) that species interactions can contribute greatly to interannual variations. Thus, while community composition may change little over the long term, year-to-year predictability of species abundances is low.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos

Nichols

Thompson

1985

Hydrobiologia

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“…Janssen & Kuipers 1980, McCaw & Naylor 1992, Laprise & Dodson 1994, but less is known about the effect of the seasonal variation on organism distribution. Long-term data sets with seasonal components tend to concentrate on plankton (Carter & Dadswell 1983, Caste1 1993 and benthic invertebrates (Chapman & Brinkhurst 1981, Henderson 1984.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term distribution patterns of mobile estuarine invertebrates (Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Crustacea:Decapoda) in relation to hydrological parameters

Attrill¹,

Rm²

1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Between 1977 and 1992, semi-quantitative samples of macroinvertebrates were taken at fortnightly intervals from the Thames Estuary (UK) utilising the cooling water intake screens of West Thurrock power station. Samples were taken for 4 h over low water, the abundances of invertebrates recorded in 30 min subsamples and related to water volume filtered. Abundances of the major estuarine species have therefore been recorded every 2 wk for a 16 yr period, together wlth physicochemical parameters such as temperature, salinity and freshwater flow. Annual cycles of distribution were apparent for several species. Carcinus rnaenas exhibited a regular annual cycle, with a peak in autumn followed by a decrease in numbers over winter, relating to seasonal temperature patterns. Conversely, abundance of Crangon crangon was consistently lowest in summer, responding to seasonal changes in salinity, whilst Liocarcinus holsatus, Aurelia aurita and Pleurobrachia pileus were only present in summer samples, with P. pileus often in vast numbers (>l00000 per 500 million I). The estuarine prawn Palaemon longirostris showed no obvious sustained annual pattern, but evidence for a longer cycle of distribution was apparent. During 1989-1992 severe droughts in southeast England severely disrupted annual salinity patterns and coincided with a large increase in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis population. This included the first synchronised migration of adults in the UK. Settlement of young crabs during low-flow periods is suggested as an explanation for this population increase.

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“…However, in the upper portions of estuaries, areas that have often suffered industrial and urban pollution impacts, the invertebrate community is frequently dominated by tidal freshwater oligochaete taxa (e.g. McLusky et al, 1980McLusky et al, , 1993Henderson, 1983), and some of these species, such as L. hoffmeisteri, may have potential as test-organisms for chronic sediment bioassays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Santander Bay Sediments to the Euryhaline Freshwater Oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri

et al. 2006

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The freshwater euryhaline oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was selected for use in bioassays with polluted sediment from Santander Bay. It is easy to culture; is tolerant of low to moderate, up to 15&, salinity; and is common in oligohaline conditions in European and North American estuaries. Worms were collected from an estuarine population and kept in unpolluted sediment for between 2 and 4 weeks, under laboratory conditions, at 7-8.5& salinity and 22.5°C. Sediment from different sites in Santander Bay were sieved through 250 lm mesh and adjusted to a salinity of approx. 7& prior to the bioassays, either by adding sea water or dechlorinated tap water to the overlying water. High levels of ammonia in some sediment, which may confound results in ecotoxicity bioassays, were reduced by oxidation of the sediments in shallow trays. Sediment bioassays were performed with sexually mature Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri worms in 250-ml beakers, with a 1:3 ratio of sediment:water and 4 worms per baker. Endpoints in the 14-day bioassay were % mortality, adult final biomass, % adults that have shown resorption of the clitellum, number of cocoons, and burrowing behaviour. It was possible to rank the sites according to their toxicity using both mortality rates and sublethal effects. The control site had the following values for the endpoints: 5% mortality, ( x AE sd) 2.40±1.52 cocoons per beaker and 1.271±0.470 mg dw adult final biomass. The most toxic sediment resulted in 65% mortality, resorption of the clitellum in 67% of the adults, no production of cocoons and a low final biomass (x AE sd=0.681±0.489 mg dw per adult). A second site had high mortality (60%) and no reproduction, although resorption of the clitellum did not occur in surviving animals. The remaining sites showed similar mortality (35-42%), and at only one of them was low reproduction observed (0.8±0.447 cocoons per beaker). Behavioural effects, measured as length of galleries in a fixed area of the test-vessel at the end of the bioassay, were significant compared with control at only one site. Multivariate analysis showed the mortality gradient to be the strongest, with a second unassociated gradient representing clitellum resorption. The mortality gradient was associated with Cu and Zn concentration, and PAH and Pb possibly with resorption.

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Long Term Monitoring of the Macrobenthos of the Upper Clyde Estuary

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos

Time scales of change in the San Francisco Bay benthos

Long-term distribution patterns of mobile estuarine invertebrates (Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Crustacea:Decapoda) in relation to hydrological parameters

Toxicity of Santander Bay Sediments to the Euryhaline Freshwater Oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri

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