Long-term monitoring of nutrient losses from agricultural catchments in the Nordic–Baltic region – A discussion of methods, uncertainties and future needs

Kyllmar, Katarina; Bechmann, Marianne; Deelstra, Johannes; Iital, Arvo; Blicher-Mathiesen, Gitte; Jansons, Viesturs; Koskiaho, Jari; Povilaitis, Arvydas

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2014.07.005

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Given that the average duration of an RE within a hydrological year was 30 (5.3 to 81.3) days across all the sites and seasons, the loss of phosphorus by subsurface runoff should be given considerable attention in central European tile-drained catchments, as recommended by many other studies in tile-drained landscapes of diverse natural and agricultural characteristics [5,6,8,10,34,35]. Since the algorithms that do not use a continuous record of flow rates (M1 to M3) has considerable poorer performance, yielding biased and imprecise results, the use of continuous flow measurement is necessary to capture discharge dynamics and to calculate the real nutrient fluxes from small tile-drained catchments with reasonable certainty [25,27,33].…”

Section: Comparison Of Load Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, only a few studies have been published to compare monitoring approaches and nutrient load assessment methods for tile-drained fields or small catchments [6,25,27,31]. These studies often conclude that the most dominant factors influencing nutrient fluxes are precipitation characteristics and catchment hydrological connectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intensively managed tile-drained landscapes have been found to have a considerable potential for N and P losses, with regard to different soil conditions and cropping systems, especially during periods with elevated flows [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Nutrient concentrations in drainage waters may change rapidly within a rainfall-runoff event due to variable pre-event and event soil/catchment moisture conditions, related soil biogeochemical processes [10][11][12][13], precipitation characteristics, and water flow paths into drainage and with different origin and residence times [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is crucial to develop an approach to identify the processes responsible for the input of pollutants from land to water via tile drainage. To reveal the rapid discharge/concentration changes, describe the related processes, and estimate the true pollutant loads, a proper monitoring programme and appropriate methods for the evaluation of matter fluxes are necessary to support [6,18,38] the design of field to catchment scale mitigation measures for tile drainage or on drained land, as well as when estimating their effects [2,9,22,[38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incorporating Rainfall-Runoff Events into Nitrate-Nitrogen and Phosphorus Load Assessments for Small Tile-Drained Catchments

Fučík

Zajíček

Kaplická

et al. 2017

Water

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Rainfall-runoff events significantly influence water runoff and the loss of pollutants from tile-drained agricultural land. We monitored ten small (4 to 38 ha) tile-drained catchments in Czechia for three to five years (2012 to 2016). The discharge was measured continuously; a regular 14-day scheme of water quality monitoring was accompanied with event sampling provided by automatic samplers in 20 to 120 min intervals. A new semi-automated algorithm was developed for the identification of runoff events (RE) based on discharge and water temperature changes. We then quantified the share of RE on the total runoff and the N and P losses, and we compared six methods for nutrient load estimation on an annual and monthly basis. The results showed considerable differences among the monitored sites, seasons, and applied methods. The share of RE on N loads was on average 5% to 30% of the total annual load, whereas for P (dissolved and total), the share of RE was on average 10% to 80% on the total annual load. The most precise method for nutrient load estimation included the RE. The methods based on point monitoring of the discharge and water quality underestimated the loads of N by 10% to 20% and of P by 30% to 80%. The acquired findings are crucial for the improvement of nutrient load assessment in tile-drained catchments, as well as for the design of various mitigation measures on tile-drained agricultural land.

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Section: Comparison Of Load Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Incorporating Rainfall-Runoff Events into Nitrate-Nitrogen and Phosphorus Load Assessments for Small Tile-Drained Catchments

Fučík

Zajíček

Kaplická

et al. 2017

Water

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“…This very fast leaching through macropores indicates the need for flow‐proportional sampling for accurate transport estimation, as daily fixed time intervals are inadequate (Stehle et al ., ). The need for flow‐proportional water sampling has been demonstrated for fast P leaching via drain tiles, especially P in particulate form (PP) (Ulén and Persson, ) and is now included in monitoring programmes in Swedish fields and catchments (Kyllmar et al ., ,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lagged response of nutrient leaching to reduced surpluses at the field and catchment scales

Ulén

Johansson

Kyllmar

et al. 2015

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Lag times in reduced nutrient leaching after improved agricultural practices must be assessed to inform management decisions and evaluate their cost-effectiveness. This study estimated the leaching of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) at two scales, a 33.8-ha nested field (data from 1973 to 2011) and an 820-ha agricultural catchment (data from 1992 to 2010). Field management was evaluated along with long-term nutrient trends. Estimates including and excluding nutrient concentrations in the stream under dry catchment conditions (mean 2.5 months year À1) revealed that wastewater contributed 10% of the total P (TP) catchment leaching, mostly in dissolved reactive (DRP) form. More recent flow-proportional sampling at the two scales demonstrated 45% higher particulate P leaching from the field than with discrete water sampling, whereas a past discrete sampling strategy may have overestimated DRP contributions to the stream. The accumulated field P balance was increasingly negative after 1987, whereas crop yields increased. From 1998, the measured accumulated TP leaching from the field was lower than the mean accumulated leaching, considering the estimated downward trend (À10%) over the 38-year study period (p < 0.05).The average total N (TN) field leaching of 28 kg ha À1 year À1 (1973-2011) was 10% higher than the catchment leaching (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). The rates and timing of fields N and P fertilization became better adapted to crop requirements over time, and thereafter, a 14% reduction in TN leaching was estimated. No significant trends were estimated for catchment leaching for either TP or TN over the 18-year period, demonstrating an extended lag period for reduced nutrient leaching and the need for long-term monitoring of the effects of pollution mitigation.

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Terrestrial Biodiversity and Surface Water Impacts from Reactive Nitrogen

2020

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Long-term monitoring of nutrient losses from agricultural catchments in the Nordic–Baltic region – A discussion of methods, uncertainties and future needs

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Incorporating Rainfall-Runoff Events into Nitrate-Nitrogen and Phosphorus Load Assessments for Small Tile-Drained Catchments

Incorporating Rainfall-Runoff Events into Nitrate-Nitrogen and Phosphorus Load Assessments for Small Tile-Drained Catchments

Lagged response of nutrient leaching to reduced surpluses at the field and catchment scales

Terrestrial Biodiversity and Surface Water Impacts from Reactive Nitrogen

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