Long-term monitoring of black carbon across Germany

Kutzner, Rebecca D.; Schneidemesser, Erika von; Kuik, Friderike; Quedenau, Joern; Schmale, Julia

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.039

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…All these instruments suffer from various artifacts, from which the loading effect can influence the wavelength dependence. However, the largest uncertainty in filter-based photometer measurements lies in the effect of the multiple scattering of light into the filter matrix, leading to over-prediction of absorption aerosol (e.g., Bond et al, 1999;Lack et al, 2008;Müller et al, 2011a;Collaud Coen et al, 2010;Bernardoni et al, 2019). This artifact is roughly corrected by the multiple scattering constant C ref and is probably largest for the Aethalometer and smallest for the MAAP.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CLAP was designed to have the same optical characteristics as the PSAP so that either the Bond et al (1999) correction along with the Ogren (2010) update for wavelength and spot size correction or the Virkkula et al (2005Virkkula et al ( , 2010 corrections can be applied to account for scattering artifacts at multiple wavelengths as well as other instrument non-idealities (e.g., filter-loading artifacts, variability in spot size and flow calibrations). These correction algorithms rely on co-located scattering measurements from a nephelometer and may have issues in the presence of large, primarily scattering aerosol such as sea salt or dust (e.g., Bond et al, 1999) and also may not work well when organic aerosol is abundant (e.g., Lack et al, 2008).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidecadal trend analysis of in situ aerosol radiative properties around the world

et al. 2020

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Abstract. In order to assess the evolution of aerosol parameters affecting climate change, a long-term trend analysis of aerosol optical properties was performed on time series from 52 stations situated across five continents. The time series of measured scattering, backscattering and absorption coefficients as well as the derived single scattering albedo, backscattering fraction, scattering and absorption Ångström exponents covered at least 10 years and up to 40 years for some stations. The non-parametric seasonal Mann–Kendall (MK) statistical test associated with several pre-whitening methods and with Sen's slope was used as the main trend analysis method. Comparisons with general least mean square associated with autoregressive bootstrap (GLS/ARB) and with standard least mean square analysis (LMS) enabled confirmation of the detected MK statistically significant trends and the assessment of advantages and limitations of each method. Currently, scattering and backscattering coefficient trends are mostly decreasing in Europe and North America and are not statistically significant in Asia, while polar stations exhibit a mix of increasing and decreasing trends. A few increasing trends are also found at some stations in North America and Australia. Absorption coefficient time series also exhibit primarily decreasing trends. For single scattering albedo, 52 % of the sites exhibit statistically significant positive trends, mostly in Asia, eastern/northern Europe and the Arctic, 22 % of sites exhibit statistically significant negative trends, mostly in central Europe and central North America, while the remaining 26 % of sites have trends which are not statistically significant. In addition to evaluating trends for the overall time series, the evolution of the trends in sequential 10-year segments was also analyzed. For scattering and backscattering, statistically significant increasing 10-year trends are primarily found for earlier periods (10-year trends ending in 2010–2015) for polar stations and Mauna Loa. For most of the stations, the present-day statistically significant decreasing 10-year trends of the single scattering albedo were preceded by not statistically significant and statistically significant increasing 10-year trends. The effect of air pollution abatement policies in continental North America is very obvious in the 10-year trends of the scattering coefficient – there is a shift to statistically significant negative trends in 2009–2012 for all stations in the eastern and central USA. This long-term trend analysis of aerosol radiative properties with a broad spatial coverage provides insight into potential aerosol effects on climate changes.

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Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidecadal trend analysis of in situ aerosol radiative properties around the world

et al. 2020

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“…The major sources of BC are either anthropogenic fuel combustion or natural fires. Following its rapid economic growth after 2000, China became the nation with the highest anthropogenic emissions rate of BC, which exceeds 1 Tg yr −1 and corresponds to ∼ 30 % of the world's total emissions (Bond et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2009;Lamarque et al, 2010;Granier et al, 2011;Klimont et al, 2017;Li et al, 2017;Crippa et al, 2018). Therefore, China's emission trend is of major concern with respect to global air quality and climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid reduction in black carbon emissions from China: evidence from 2009–2019 observations on Fukue Island, Japan

et al. 2020

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Abstract. A long-term, robust observational record of atmospheric black carbon (BC) concentrations at Fukue Island for 2009–2019 was produced by unifying the data from a continuous soot monitoring system (COSMOS) and a Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP). This record was then used to analyze emission trends from China. We identified a rapid reduction in BC concentrations of (-5.8±1.5) % yr−1 or −48 % from 2010 to 2018. We concluded that an emission change of (-5.3±0.7) % yr−1, related to changes in China of as much as −4.6 % yr−1, was the main underlying driver. This evaluation was made after correcting for the interannual meteorological variability (IAV) by using the regional atmospheric chemistry model simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models (collectively WRF/CMAQ) with the constant emissions. This resolves the current fundamental disagreements about the sign of the BC emissions trend from China over the past decade as assessed from bottom-up emission inventories. Our analysis supports inventories reflecting the governmental clean air actions after 2010 (e.g., MEIC1.3, ECLIPSE versions 5a and 6b, and the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3.1) and recommends revisions to those that do not (e.g., Community Emissions Data System – CEDS). Our estimated emission trends were fairly uniform across seasons but diverse among air mass origins. Stronger BC reductions, accompanied by a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, occurred in regions of south-central East China, while weaker BC reductions occurred in north-central East China and northeastern China. Prior to 2017, the BC and CO emissions trends were both unexpectedly positive in northeastern China during winter months, which possibly influenced the climate at higher latitudes. The pace of the estimated emissions reduction over China surpasses the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs with reference to SSP1, specifically) scenarios for 2015–2030, which suggests highly successful emission control policies. At Fukue Island, the BC fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) also steadily decreased over the last decade. This suggests that reductions in BC emissions started without significant delay when compared to other pollutants such as NOx and SO2, which are among the key precursors of scattering PM2.5.

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“…2.4. A decreasing trend in black carbon (BC) concentration is also found in Europe (Singh et al, 2018;Kutzner et al, 2018;Grange et al, 2019) that has been related primarily to traffic emission decreases rather than changes in wood burning and/or 35 industrial emissions. Mean absorption coefficient (estimated from light transmittance measurements on 24 h filter samples) at the 110 IMPROVE stations was also found to decrease for the 2003-2014 period (White et al, 2016), but with a smaller slope than the elemental carbon trend which is due to the impact of Fe content in mineral dust.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Trends and Causality 20mentioning

confidence: 95%

Multidecadal trend analysis of aerosol radiative properties at a global scale

Coen¹,

Andrews²,

Alastuey³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In order to assess the global evolution of aerosol parameters affecting climate change, a long-term trend analyses of aerosol optical properties were performed on time series from 52 stations situated across five continents. The time series of measured scattering, backscattering and absorption coefficients as well as the derived single scattering albedo, backscattering fraction, scattering and absorption &#197;ngstr&#246;m exponents covered at least 10 years and up to 40 years for some stations. The non-parametric seasonal Mann&#8211;Kendall (MK) statistical test associated with several prewhitening methods and with the Sen's slope were used as main trend analysis methods. Comparisons with General Least Mean Square associated with Autoregressive Bootstrap (GLS/ARB) and with standard Least Mean Square analysis (LMS) enabled confirmation of the detected MK statistically significant trends and the assessment of advantages and limitations of each method. Currently, scattering and backscattering coefficients trends are mostly decreasing in Europe and North America and are not statistically significant in Asia, while polar stations exhibit a mix of increasing and decreasing trends. A few increasing trends are also found at some stations in North America and Australia. Absorption coefficients time series also exhibit primarily decreasing trends. For single scattering albedo, 52&#8201;% of the sites exhibit statistically significant positive trends, mostly in Asia, Eastern/Northern Europe and Arctic, 18&#8201;% of sites exhibit statistically significant negative trends, mostly in central Europe and central North America, while the remaining 30&#8201;% of sites have trends, which are not statistically significant. In addition to evaluating trends for the overall time series, the evolution of the trends in sequential 10 year segments was also analyzed. For scattering and backscattering, statistically significant increasing 10 year trends are primarily found for earlier periods (10 year trends ending in 2010&#8211;2015) for polar stations and Mauna Loa. For most of the stations, the present-day statistically significant decreasing 10 year trends of the single scattering albedo were preceded by not statistically significant and statistically significant increasing 10 year trends. The effect of air pollution abatement policies in continental North America is very obvious in the 10 year trends of the scattering coefficient &#8211; there is a shift to statistically significant negative trends in 2010&#8211;2011 for all stations in the eastern and central US. This long-term trend analysis of aerosol radiative properties with a broad spatial coverage enables a better global view of potential aerosol effects on climate changes.</p>

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Long-term monitoring of black carbon across Germany

Cited by 53 publications

References 27 publications

Multidecadal trend analysis of in situ aerosol radiative properties around the world

Multidecadal trend analysis of in situ aerosol radiative properties around the world

Rapid reduction in black carbon emissions from China: evidence from 2009–2019 observations on Fukue Island, Japan

Multidecadal trend analysis of aerosol radiative properties at a global scale

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