Long‐term meteorological and soil hydrology database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States

Keefer, T.; Moran, M. Susan; Paige, Ginger B.

doi:10.1029/2006wr005702

Cited by 87 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although certain quality control measures (i.e., visual inspection, removal of data from station not in operation, computer failure, etc.) described by Keefer et al (2008) were done by USDA-ARS, to replace existing false values with missing values, we included further criteria to remove data that most likely contains large errors. The criteria we used to determine ''bad'' data are zero values for soil moisture (e.g., Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) maintains a suite of instruments throughout WGEW, including 88 rain gauges and 19 Stevens Hydra Capacitance Probes collocated with rain gauges (Goodrich et al 2008;Keefer et al 2008), which measure soil moisture at a depth of ;5 cm as a function of dielectric properties of the soil with temperature adjustments. The gauge network collects 1-min resolution precipitation data and has been in place since 1956, while the soil moisture probe network collects 30-min data and has been in use since 2002.…”

Section: A Location and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Summer Soil Moisture Spatiotemporal Variability in Southeastern Arizona

Stillman

Ninneman

Zeng

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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Soil moisture is important for many applications, but its measurements are lacking globally and even regionally. The Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in southeastern Arizona has measured nearsurface 5-cm soil moisture with 19 in situ probes since 2002 within its 150 km 2 area. Using various criteria to identify erroneous data, it is found that in any given period from 1 July to 30 September from 2002 to 2011, 13-17 of these probes were producing reasonable data, and this is sufficient to estimate area-averaged seasonal soil moisture. A soil water balance model is then developed using rainfall as its only input to spatially extrapolate soil moisture estimates to the 88 rain gauges located within the watershed and to extend the measurement period to 56 years. The model is calibrated from 2002 to 2011 so that the daily in situ and modeled soil moisture time series have a high average correlation of 0.89 and a root-mean-square deviation of 0.032 m 3 m 23 . By interpolating modeled soil moisture from the 88 rain gauges to a 100-m gridded domain over WGEW, it is found that spatial variability often increases when 88 (rather than 13-17) estimates are taken. While no trend in the spatial average surface soil moisture is found, large variability in the spatial average soil moisture from 1 July to 30 September is observed from year to year, ranging from 0.05 to 0.09 m 3 m 23 . In addition to spatiotemporal analysis of WGEW, this gridded soil moisture product from 1956 to 2011 can be used for validation of satellite-based and reanalysis products and land surface models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Location and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer Soil Moisture Spatiotemporal Variability in Southeastern Arizona

Stillman

Ninneman

Zeng

et al. 2014

Journal of Hydrometeorology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The climate at the site can be classified as semiarid, almost arid desert‐type. The mean annual temperature is 17.2 [° C ] and the mean annual precipitation is ∼333 [ mm ] [ Keefer et al , 2008]. A more detailed description of the site characteristics can be found in Fatichi et al [2012, and references therein].…”

Section: Model Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanistic ecohydrological model to investigate complex interactions in cold and warm water‐controlled environments: 1. Theoretical framework and plot‐scale analysis

Fatichi

Ivanov

Caporali

2012

J Adv Model Earth Syst

104

188

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[1] Numerous studies have explored the role of vegetation in controlling and mediating hydrological states and fluxes at the level of individual processes, which has led to improvements in our understanding of plot-scale dynamics. Relatively less effort has been directed toward spatially-explicit studies of vegetation-hydrology interactions at larger scales of a landscape. Only few continuous, process-oriented ecohydrological models had been proposed with structures of varying complexity. This study contributes to their further evolution and presents a novel ecohydrological model, Tethys-Chloris. The model synthesizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on individual processes and coupling mechanisms drawn from the disciplines of hydrology, plant physiology, and ecology. Specifically, the model reproduces all essential components of the hydrological cycle: it resolves the mass and energy budgets in the atmospheric surface layer at the hourly scale, while representing up to two layers of vegetation; it includes a module of snowpack evolution; it describes the saturated and unsaturated soil water dynamics, processes of runoff generation and flow routing. The component of vegetation dynamics parameterizes life cycle processes of different plant functional types, including photosynthesis, phenology, carbon allocation, and tissue turnover. This study presents a confirmation of the long-term, plot-scale model performance by simulating two types of ecosystems corresponding to different climate conditions. A consistent and highly satisfactory model skill in reproducing the energy and water budgets as well as physiological cycles of plants with minimum calibration overhead is demonstrated. Furthermore, these applications demonstrate that the model permits the identification of data types and observation frequencies crucial for appropriate evaluation of modeled dynamics. More importantly, through a synthesis of a wide array of process representations, the model ensures that climate, soil, vegetation, and topography collectively identify essential modes controlling ecohydrological systems, i.e., that satisfactory performance is a result of appropriate mimicking of internal processes.Citation: Fatichi, S., V. Y. Ivanov, and E. Caporali (2012), A mechanistic ecohydrological model to investigate complex interactions in cold and warm water-controlled environments: 1. Theoretical framework and plot-scale analysis, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 4, M05002,

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“…The climate at the Lucky Hills site can be classified as semiarid, hot, with dry winter. The mean annual temperature from meteorological observations (July 1996 through December 2009) is 17.2 [° C ] and the mean annual precipitation is 333 [ mm ] [ Keefer et al , 2008].…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanistic ecohydrological model to investigate complex interactions in cold and warm water‐controlled environments: 2. Spatiotemporal analyses

Fatichi

Ivanov

Caporali

2012

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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[1] An ecohydrological model Tethys-Chloris (T&C) described in the companion paper is applied to two semiarid systems characterized by different climate and vegetation cover conditions. The Lucky Hills watershed in Arizona represents a typical small, ''unit-source'' catchment of a desert shrub system of the U.S. southwest. Two nested basins of the Reynolds Creek Experimental watershed (Idaho, U.S.A.), the Reynolds Creek Mountain East and Tollgate catchments, are representative of a semiarid cold climate with seasonal snow cover. Both exhibit a highly non-uniform vegetation cover. A range of ecohydrological metrics of the long-term model performance is presented to highlight the model capabilities in reproducing hydrological and vegetation dynamics both at the plot and the watershed scales. A diverse set of observations is used to confirm the simulated dynamics. Highly satisfactory results are obtained without significant (or any) calibration efforts despite the large phase-space dimensionality of the model, the uncertainty of imposed boundary conditions, and limited data availability. It is argued that a significant investment into the model design based on the description of physical, biophysical, and ecological processes leads to such a consistent simulation skill. The simulated patterns mimic the outcome of hydrological and vegetation dynamics with high realism, as confirmed from spatially distributed remote sensing data. Further community efforts are warranted to address the issue of thorough quantitative assessment. The current lack of appropriate data hampers the development and testing of process-based ecohydrological models. It is further argued that the mechanistic nature of the T&C model can be valuable for designing virtual experiments and developing questions of scientific inquiry at a range of spatiotemporal scales.Citation: Fatichi, S., V. Y. Ivanov, and E. Caporali (2012), A mechanistic ecohydrological model to investigate complex interactions in cold and warm water-controlled environments: 2. Spatiotemporal analyses, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 4, M05003,

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Long‐term meteorological and soil hydrology database, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, Arizona, United States

Cited by 87 publications

References 24 publications

Summer Soil Moisture Spatiotemporal Variability in Southeastern Arizona

Summer Soil Moisture Spatiotemporal Variability in Southeastern Arizona

A mechanistic ecohydrological model to investigate complex interactions in cold and warm water‐controlled environments: 1. Theoretical framework and plot‐scale analysis

A mechanistic ecohydrological model to investigate complex interactions in cold and warm water‐controlled environments: 2. Spatiotemporal analyses

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