Long term mental health trajectories after disasters and pandemics: A multilingual systematic review of prevalence, risk and protective factors

Newnham, Elizabeth A.; Mergelsberg, Enrique; Chen, Yanyu; Kim, Yoshiharu; Gibbs, Lisa; Dzidic, Peta; DaSilva, Makiko Ishida; Chan, Emily Ying Yang; Shimomura, Kanji; Narita, Zui; Huang, Zhe; Lee, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102203

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Calls for IEs indicate that individuals are experiencing behavioral health challenges, and in aggregate, call volume to PCs for IEs provides a window into these challenges at a population level. It is known that PHEs can negatively impact population-level behavioral health, 12 and our study extends this literature by showing that the association between IE call volume and a PHE may depend on both the type of PHE and its local impact. For instance, IE call volume did not significantly increase immediately after the COVID-19 national emergency declaration, but a local surge in the summer of 2020 correlated with increased IE call volume.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Changes in Poison Center Calls for Intentional Exposure During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 and Winter Storm Uri in Dallas County, Texas

Fischer

Landis

Acosta

et al. 2023

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objective: This study aimed to: (1) explore changes in the volume of calls to poison control centers (PCs) for intentional exposures (IEs) in Dallas County, Texas, overall and by gender and age, and (2) examine the association between 2 different public health emergencies (PHEs) and changes in IE call volume. Methods: PCs categorize calls they receive by intentionality of the exposure, based on information from the caller. We analyzed data on PC calls categorized as intentional in Dallas County, Texas, from March 2019 – April 2021. This period includes the COVID-19 pandemic declaration (March 2020), a surge in COVID-19 cases (July 2020), and Winter Storm Uri (February 2021). Changes in IE call volume (overall and by age and gender), were explored, and interrupted time series analysis was used to examine call volume changes after PHE onset. Results: The summer surge in COVID-19 cases was associated with 1.9 additional IE calls/day (95% CI 0.7 to 3.1), in the context of a baseline unadjusted mean of 6.2 calls per day (unadjusted) before November 3, 2020. Neither the pandemic declaration nor Winter Storm Uri was significantly associated with changes in call volume. Women, on average, made 1.2 more calls per day compared to men during the study period. IE calls for youth increased after the pandemic declaration, closing the longstanding gap between adults and youth by early 2021. Conclusions: Changes in IE call volume in Dallas County varied by gender and age. Calls increased during the local COVID-19 surge. Population-level behavioral health may be associated with local crisis severity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Changes in Poison Center Calls for Intentional Exposure During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 and Winter Storm Uri in Dallas County, Texas

Fischer

Landis

Acosta

et al. 2023

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…Contrary to what was hypothesized, it was observed that younger and unemployed individuals reported higher scores than older and employed individuals. These findings could be explained considering the large amount of empirical evidence reflecting the negative effect generated by the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the short (Hossain et al, 2020) and medium-long term (Newnham et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) in Colombians with university education

Sanabria-Mazo,

Gómez-Acosta,

Annicchiarico-Lobo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) is an ultra-brief self-report measure to assess perceived psychological stress. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the PSS-4 in Colombia. A total of 1911 adult participants with university education completed the PSS-4. Characteristics of the items and the subscales were explored. Dimensionality was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), incorporating an examination of invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) across socio-demographic characteristics. Construct validity (convergent and discriminant), reliability indices, know-groups, and predictive validity were also computed. The CFA showed adequate fit indices for the two-factor model (hopelessness and coping), being invariant across gender, income level, age, and work status. Internal consistency was adequate for the PSS-4 (α = .73, ω = .72, λ2 = .74). Significant positive correlations of the PSS-4 were identified with depression (r = .59) and anxiety (r = .55), as well as significant negative with post-traumatic growth (r = -.37) and resilience (r = -.47). The PSS-4 showed adequate capacity to predict potential depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as protective factors such as resilience and posttraumatic growth. Higher scores on the PSS-4 were observed among young people, as well as among people with lower incomes and those unemployed. These findings suggest that the PSS-4 can be a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological stress in Colombians with university education.

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“…Climate change will make bushfires more frequent, more extreme and interspersed with other disasters (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2022). Disasters have significant and long-term impacts on mental health and wellbeing (Newnham et al, 2022); reducing these impacts is a priority in (Australia’s Department of Home Affairs, 2018). It is important, therefore, to understand how the 2019–2020 bushfires affected mental health to enable more effective delivery of support and to improve disaster resilience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of individual mental health and psychological resilience after Australia’s 2019–2020 bushfires

MacLeod

Heffernan

Greenwood

et al. 2023

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Aims: We assessed the mental health effects of Australia’s 2019–2020 bushfires 12–18 months later, predicting psychological distress and positive psychological outcomes from bushfire exposure and a range of demographic variables, and seeking insights to enhance disaster preparedness and resilience planning for different profiles of people. Methods: We surveyed 3083 bushfire-affected and non-affected Australian residents about their experiences of bushfire, COVID-19, psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder) and positive psychological outcomes (resilient coping, wellbeing). Results: We found high rates of distress across all participants, exacerbated by severity of bushfire exposure. For people who were bushfire-affected, being older, having less financial stress, and having no or fewer pre-existing mental disorders predicted both lower distress and higher positive outcomes. Being male or having less income loss also predicted positive outcomes. Severity of exposure, higher education and higher COVID-19-related stressors predicted both higher distress and higher positive outcomes. Pre-existing physical health diagnosis and previous bushfire experience did not significantly predict distress or positive outcomes. Recommendations: To promote disaster resilience, we recommend investment in mental health, particularly for younger adults and for those in rural and remote areas. We also recommend investment in mechanisms to protect against financial distress and the development of a broader definition of bushfire-related impacts than is currently used to capture brushfires’ far-reaching effects.

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Long term mental health trajectories after disasters and pandemics: A multilingual systematic review of prevalence, risk and protective factors

Cited by 42 publications

References 59 publications

Changes in Poison Center Calls for Intentional Exposure During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 and Winter Storm Uri in Dallas County, Texas

Changes in Poison Center Calls for Intentional Exposure During Public Health Emergencies: COVID-19 and Winter Storm Uri in Dallas County, Texas

Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4) in Colombians with university education

Predictors of individual mental health and psychological resilience after Australia’s 2019–2020 bushfires

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