Long-Term Mangiferin Extract Treatment Improves Central Pathology and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia; however, available treatments have had limited success. Therefore AD patients are in tremendous need of new pharmacological approaches that may delay or slow the progression of the disease. In addition to the classical neuropathological features, immunological and inflammatory processes are also involved in AD pathogenesis. Naturally occurring compounds, such as Mangifera indica Linn (MGF) extracts have previously been shown to significantly reduce peripheral inflammatory processes. In order to explore the role of MGF in AD central pathology, we have orally treated APP/PS1 mice for 22 weeks. While MGF did not affect amyloid pathology, tau hyperphosphorylation was significantly reduced in the cortex and hippocampus. Also, inflammatory processes, measured by microglia and astrocyte burdens, were diminished in MGF-treated mice. Moreover, neuronal morphological alterations, such as abnormal neurite curvature and dystrophies, highly increased in APP/PS1 mice, were significantly ameliorated by long-term MGF treatment. Reduction of all these pathological features were accompanied by compelling improvements of episodic and spatial memory in APP/PS1 mice treated with MGF. Altogether our data suggest that MGF may provide a useful tool to target different aspects of AD pathology and could lead to more effective future therapeutic or preventive strategies.

Honeybush Extracts (Cyclopia spp.) Rescue Mitochondrial Functions and Bioenergetics against Oxidative Injury

“…However, the phenolic content does not differ substantially between the different extracts to provide an explanation to our findings. In fact, mangiferin, shown to have beneficial effects in in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegeneration, as well as of oxidative stress [38][39][40][41][42][43], was lowest in the C. subternata water extract and highest in the 70% ethanolic extract of C. genistoides. According to these studies, we expected that the C. genistoides 70% ethanolic extract would exert the most potent neuroprotective properties, while the aqueous extract of C. subternata would exert the least.…”

Erythropoietin Improves Atrophy, Bleeding and Cognition in the Newborn Intraventricular Hemorrhage

“…A round pool (0.95 m in diameter) was filled with water (21 ± 1 ○ C) and four equal virtual quadrants were indicated with geometric cues located in the walls. Experiments were run as previously described (Infante-Garcia et al, 2017). Briefly, the scape platform was invisible, 2-3 cm below the surface.…”

Mangiferin and Morin Attenuate Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurocytotoxicity, Induced by Amyloid Beta Oligomers

“…Moreover, in Alzheimer's disease animal models, mangiferin and morin have exhibited neuroprotective properties. In APP/PS1 animal model, mangiferin diminished the inflammatory processes, measured by microglia and astrocyte burdens [ 21 ]. In the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse models, morin was described as a novel inhibitor of GSK3 β that can reduce tau pathology in vivo [ 22 ].…”