Long-term Lens Organ Culture System with a Method for Monitoring Lens Optical Quality¶

Dovrat, A.; Sivak, J. G.

doi:10.1562/2004-10-20-ir-346.1

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Experimental treatments began after pre-incubation of 24 hours. Damaged lenses were excluded prior to experimental treatment [19]. …”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lens of good optical quality is able to focus the laser beam from the various locations at a fairly sharp focal point [19,20]. When the lens is damaged, it fails to intersect these laser beams at a consistent focal point.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, our laboratory developed a novel experimental system to investigate environmental effects on the intact eye lens [18,19]. We used this system to study the non-thermal effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields on the eye lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation Damage to Lens Epithelium

Bormusov¹,

Andley²,

Sharon³

et al. 2008

TOOPHTJ

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High frequency microwave electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and other modern devices has the potential to damage eye tissues, but its effect on the lens epithelium is unknown at present. The objective of this study was to investigate the non-thermal effects of high frequency microwave electromagnetic radiation (1.1GHz, 2.22 mW) on the eye lens epithelium in situ. Bovine lenses were incubated in organ culture at 35°C for 10-15 days. A novel computer-controlled microwave source was used to investigate the effects of microwave radiation on the lenses. 58 lenses were used in this study. The lenses were divided into four groups: (1) Control lenses incubated in organ culture for 10 to15 days. (2) Electromagnetic radiation exposure group treated with 1.1 GHz, 2.22 mW microwave radiation for 90 cycles of 50 minutes irradiation followed by 10 minutes pause and cultured up to 10 days. (3) Electromagnetic radiation exposure group treated as group 2 with 192 cycles of radiation and cultured for 15 days. (4) Lenses exposed to 39.5ºC for 2 hours 3 times with 24 hours interval after each treatment beginning on the second day of the culture and cultured for 11 days. During the culture period, lens optical quality was followed daily by a computer-operated scanning laser beam. At the end of the culture period, control and treated lenses were analyzed morphologically and by assessment of the lens epithelial ATPase activity. Exposure to 1.1 GHz, 2.22 mW microwaves caused a reversible decrease in lens optical quality accompanied by irreversible morphological and biochemical damage to the lens epithelial cell layer. The effect of the electromagnetic radiation on the lens epithelium was remarkably different from those of conductive heat. The results of this investigation showed that electromagnetic fields from microwave radiation have a negative impact on the eye lens. The lens damage by electromagnetic fields was distinctly different from that caused by conductive heat.

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“…Experimental treatments began after pre-incubation of 24 hours. Damaged lenses were excluded prior to experimental treatment [19]. …”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Non-Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation Damage to Lens Epithelium

Bormusov¹,

Andley²,

Sharon³

et al. 2008

TOOPHTJ

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show abstract

“…Scantox™ (purchased from J. Sivak, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Canada) and Scion Image analysis (Scion Corporation, Frederick, MD) of the photographs of the lenses were used to estimate the blurring of the images of the cataracts [ 26 , 27 ]. The Scantox™ uses a laser scanning system to send a beam of light through the lens (20 measures from edge to edge) and calculates the standard error of the mean of all back vertex distance measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Shock Protein Concentration and Clarity of Porcine Lenses Incubated at Elevated Temperatures

Dzialoszynski¹,

Trevithick²,

Noble³

2008

FASEB j.

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Purpose To quantify the concentration of heat shock proteins in lenses in lens organ culture at elevated temperatures, and to examine the relation between elevated temperature and lens clarity. Methods Pig lenses obtained from a local abattoir were dissected aseptically and incubated in medium M199 without serum for 4 days to stabilize, and lenses with protein leakage of less than 10 mg/l were obtained for heat shock exposure. Heat shock was performed by incubation for 1 h in M199 without serum at various temperatures ranging from 37 °C to 55 °C. After incubation for 24 h, cataract blurring of the images was assessed using Scantox™ and Scion Image analysis of the lens photographs. Lens homogenates were subsequently analyzed for Hsp70 and Hsp27 with western blotting. Results The degree of cataract blurring of the images increased with increasing temperature, but the two functional measures provided different results. Focal length inconsistency, as assessed with the back vertex distance standard error of the mean (BVD SEM; the variability in focal lengths measured at 20 equally spaced locations across the lens, Scantox™), increased nearly linearly with the heat treatment temperature. In contrast, decreased clarity, evident by a fuzzy image with lower contrast, was not markedly altered as the temperature rose until a threshold of approximately 47.5 °C. The inducible isoform of the Hsp70 family (Hsp70) of heat shock proteins was increased at all temperatures above the control except those above 50 °C. Changes in Hsp27 were less clear as the protein content increased only at the incubation temperatures of 39 °C and 48.5 °C. Conclusions The porcine lens demonstrates subtle changes in the variability of the focal length, and the variability increases as the incubation temperature rises. In contrast, lens clarity is relatively stable at temperatures up to 47.5 °C, above which dramatic changes, indicative of the formation of cataracts, occur. The lens content of Hsp70 was elevated in lenses exposed to heat shock only up to 50 °C. These data suggest that in a stressful environment, Hsp70 may be associated with protection against loss of clarity. In addition, the functional measures BVD SEM and clarity assess different qualities of the lens, with the former likely more sensitive to subtle changes in the protein structure.

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“…He has also reviewed how the appropriate administration of antioxidants could help delay cataract progression. Dovrat and Sivak (5) describe a unique method (the Scan Tox™) for monitoring lens optical quality in culture conditions that mimic conditions inside the eye. This system allows for the early detection of lens opacity (cataract) induced by various exogenous agents and prevention of this damage with antioxidants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Photobiology

Roberts

2005

Photochem & Photobiology

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Long-term Lens Organ Culture System with a Method for Monitoring Lens Optical Quality¶

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Non-Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation Damage to Lens Epithelium

Non-Thermal Electromagnetic Radiation Damage to Lens Epithelium

Heat Shock Protein Concentration and Clarity of Porcine Lenses Incubated at Elevated Temperatures

Ocular Photobiology

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