Long-term LDR exposure may induce cognitive impairments: A possible association through targeting gut microbiota-gut-brain axis

Guo, Peiyu; Lei, Mingjun; Hu, Sai; Xu, Zi; Zhou, Yao; Zhou, Pingkun; Huang, Ruixue

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114351

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Guo et al. showed that mice exposed to environmental low-dose radiation demonstrated long-term impairments in cognitive function, hippocampal synaptic ultrastructure, and signaling through the Akt/mTOR pathway ( 519 ). Indeed, abnormal GM composition may contribute to radiotherapy-induced cognitive decline seen in cancer treatment ( 520 ).…”

Section: The Relationship Between the Microbiota Hpa Axis And Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

2023

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Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells and has a genetic potential that exceeds that of the human genome, plays a crucial role in this interplay. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional signalling pathway that operates through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. One of the major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress is the HPA axis which produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Appropriate concentrations of cortisol are essential for normal neurodevelopment and function, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and studies have shown that microbes modulate the HPA axis throughout life. Stress can significantly impact the MGB axis via the HPA axis and other pathways. Animal research has advanced our understanding of these mechanisms and pathways, leading to a paradigm shift in conceptual thinking about the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently underway to determine how these animal models translate to humans. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota, HPA axis, and cognition, and provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions in this broad field.

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Section: The Relationship Between the Microbiota Hpa Axis And Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

2023

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“…Among all, bacteria are the most abundant microbial community dominated with the members of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla[ 5 , 6 ] . In recent years, research focusing intestinal microbiota functional characterization led to the identification of a bidirectional crosstalk between brain and gut microbiota, thus forming a gut-brain axis (GBA)[ 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, GBA includes central nervous system (CNS), enteric nervous system (ENS), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, gut and its microbiota (Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review

Singh¹,

Ganguly²,

Jaiswal³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder which alters gastrointestinal (GI) functions, thus leading to compromised health status. Pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, whereas abnormal gut brain axis (GBA) has been identified as a major etiological factor. Recent studies are suggestive for visceral hyper-sensitivity, altered gut motility and dysfunctional autonomous nervous system as the main clinical abnormalities in IBS patients. Bidirectional signalling interactions among these abnormalities are derived through various exogenous and endogenous factors, such as microbiota population and diversity, microbial metabolites, dietary uptake, and psychological abnormalities. Strategic efforts focused to study these interactions including probiotics, antibiotics and fecal transplantations in normal and germ-free animals are clearly suggestive for the pivotal role of gut microbiota in IBS etiology. Additionally, neurotransmitters act as communication tools between enteric microbiota and brain functions, where serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a key role in pathophysiology of IBS. It regulates GI motility, pain sense and inflammatory responses particular to mucosal and brain activity. In the absence of a better understanding of various interconnected crosstalks in GBA, more scientific efforts are required in the search of novel and targeted therapies for the management of IBS. In this review, we have summarized the gut microbial composition, interconnected signalling pathways and their regulators, available therapeutics, and the gaps needed to fill for a better management of IBS.

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Lactate exacerbates lung damage induced by nanomicroplastic through the gut microbiota–HIF1a/PTBP1 pathway

Xuan,

Xu,

Luo

et al. 2023

Exp Mol Med

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Exposure to nanomicroplastics (nano-MPs) can induce lung damage. The gut microbiota is a critical modulator of the gut–lung axis. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions have not been elucidated. This study explored the role of lactate, a key metabolite of the microbiota, in the development of lung damage induced by nano-MPs (LDMP). After 28 days of exposure to nano-MPs (50–100 nm), mice mainly exhibited damage to the lungs and intestinal mucosa and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Lactate accumulation was observed in the lungs, intestines and serum and was strongly associated with the imbalance in lactic acid bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, no lactate accumulation was observed in germ-free mice, while the depletion of the gut microbiota using a cocktail of antibiotics produced similar results, suggesting that lactate accumulation in the lungs may have been due to changes in the gut microbiota components. Mechanistically, elevated lactate triggers activation of the HIF1a/PTBP1 pathway, exacerbating nano-MP-induced lung damage through modulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, mice with conditional knockout of Ptbp1 in the lungs (Ptbp1flfl) and PTBP1-knockout (PTBP1-KO) human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells showed reversal of the effects of lactate through modulation of the HIF1a/PTBP1 signaling pathway. These findings indicate that lactate is a potential target for preventing and treating LDMP.

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Long-term LDR exposure may induce cognitive impairments: A possible association through targeting gut microbiota-gut-brain axis

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Molecular signalling during cross talk between gut brain axis regulation and progression of irritable bowel syndrome: A comprehensive review

Lactate exacerbates lung damage induced by nanomicroplastic through the gut microbiota–HIF1a/PTBP1 pathway

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